• Ebonyi State: From Creation to Present Day – Historical Perspective

    Ebonyi State: From Creation to Present Day – Historical Perspective

    This is your personal guide, taking you through the historical pathway of Ebonyi State. In this article, you’ll learn about:

    When Was Ebonyi State Created?

    Ebonyi State was originally part of the Abia and Enugu state landmass. However, on October 1, 1996, it was split from both states by the then-military ruler, Sani Abacha, to represent the indigenous people of the territory. Thus, Abacha is regarded as the founder of Ebonyi State.

    Significantly, the date of the state’s establishment coincides with Nigeria’s Independence Day, making it a memorable occasion for the people of Ebonyi. The name “Ebonyi” originates from a prominent river in the region called the Abonyi River, which is widespread in the southern part of Ebonyi.

    Additionally, Abakaliki serves as the state capital, and Ebonyi is fondly nicknamed the “Salt of the Nation.”

    Ebonyi State
    Capital: Abakaliki
    The map of ebonyi state Nigeria
    Nickname: Salt of the Nation

    Date of Creation:1 October 1996
    LocationSouth East
    Executive Governor:Francis Nwifuru
    Deputy Governor:Patricia Obila
    Population:2.2 million as at 2006 Census
    Language:Igbo dialect
    LGA:13
    Postal Code840001

    What is the Location of Ebonyi?

    Ebonyi is located in the southeastern zone of Nigeria and is part of the Niger Delta region. It shares borders with four states:

    • Benue to the north and northeast (where the boundary ends immediately after the Ichelle and Igbe Rivers),
    • Abia to the southwest,
    • Cross River to the east (after a short drive past the Aloma River).

    The state’s coordinates are latitude 6°15′N and longitude 8°05′E.

    What is the Land Area and Population?

    Ebonyi is a relatively small region with a land area of 2,500 square miles and a modest population. According to the 2006 National Population Census, the state had a population of 2,176,947, ranking it as the 33rd least populous state out of 36 in Nigeria. However, by 2022, Ebonyi’s estimated population had grown to 3,242,500, with a population density of 340 people per square kilometer (km²). This growth moved the state to the 29th position in population ranking among the 36 states. Over 16 years, the state’s population has experienced significant growth.

    What Languages Are Spoken in Ebonyi?

    Several languages are spoken in Ebonyi State, with Igbo being the primary language. The Igbo language in Ebonyi has various dialects, with up to eleven distinct variations spoken across the state. Below is a list of these dialects:

    AfikpoEddaEzaa
    IkwoIzziKukele
    LegboMbembeMgbo
    Ohofia-AgbaOkposiUburu

    Topography of the Area

    Ebonyi is characterized by varied topography, including hills, valleys, and plateaus. The region features uplands, especially in Abakaliki, the state capital, and in the Izzi settlement.

    The state’s rich and fertile agricultural soil supports farming activities. Additionally, the numerous rivers in the region facilitate year-round farming by providing easy access to water for irrigation.

    Important Geographical Features

    Ebonyi State lies between the Cross Niger Transition Forest in the south and the dry Guinea Savanna mosaic forest in the north. A notable geographical feature is the Aloma River, which flows into the Cross River; both rivers run along the southeastern and eastern boundaries of the state.

    The Abonyi River, from which the state derived its name, along with the Eze Aku and Asu Rivers, are significant rivers flowing through the interior of the state, connecting to various tributaries. Additionally, the Ichelle and Igbe rivers in the west are smaller watercourses that mark the boundary between Ebonyi and Benue State.

    Vegetation in Ebonyi

    The southern part of Ebonyi State is characterized by tropical rainforest, featuring a variety of plants, shrubs, and hardwood trees used for woodworking and other purposes. Oppositely, the northern region is dominated by savanna grassland, with scattered trees amidst grasslands. These areas typically serve as grazing sites for livestock keepers. The diverse vegetation across Ebonyi supports a wide range of agricultural activities.

    Climate: Dry and Wet Seasons

    Ebonyi State experiences a humid tropical climate with distinct rainy and dry seasons:

    • Rainy Season: This begins in June and lasts through September, with July being the peak month. The rainy season is favorable for farming, as the state receives an average annual rainfall of 2,500 mm.
    • Dry Season: This occurs from November to March and is characterized by lower humidity and reduced rainfall. Harmattan winds occur between December and January, bringing colder and drier air.

    During the hot months, temperatures range between 26°C and 38°C, creating a warm environment for most of the year.

    Occupation of the People                                    

    The primary occupation of the people of Ebonyi is agriculture. The main crops grown include cassava, yam, maize, potatoes, beans, and rice. Ezzamgo and Effium are notable areas for large-scale cassava production, while rice is also produced in significant quantities.

    In addition to agriculture, the state has mineral resources that contribute to local employment. Many residents engage in trade and small-scale businesses, while others participate in the showbiz and entertainment industry.

    How Many Local Government Areas Are in Ebonyi State?

    Ebonyi State is divided into thirteen Local Government Areas (LGA’s). These are:

    AbakalikiAfikpo NorthAfikpo South
    EbonyiEzza NorthEzza South
    IkwoIshieluIvo
    IzziOhaozaraOhaukwu
    Onicha

    Who Was the First Governor of Ebonyi State?

    Walter Feghabo, first governor of Ebonyi state

    The first person to govern Ebonyi State was Walter Feghabo, who served as the Military Administrator of the state during General Sani Abacha’s regime. Walter Feghabo took office as Ebonyi State governor on 7th October 1996 and left the government house in August 1998.

    After his tenure in Ebonyi, he was appointed the administrator of Delta State, where he served until 29th May 1999, when he handed over to James Onanefe Ibori as part of Nigeria’s transition from military to civilian government under President Olusegun Obasanjo.

    Walter Feghabo was born on 15th August 1956 in Warri, Delta State, Nigeria. He spent his early life in Warri, where he completed his primary and secondary education before joining the Nigerian Navy. He rose to the rank of Navy Commander before retiring from the military.

    Feghabo served Nigeria diligently, completing his assignments without any significant setbacks or controversies.

    Who Is the Current Governor of Ebonyi State?

    Francis Ogbonna Nwifuru , governor Ebonyi 2023

    On May 29, 2023, Francis Ogbonna Nwifuru assumed office as the 6th Governor of Ebonyi State.

    Early Life and Education: Francis Nwifuru was born on February 25, 1975. He began his primary education in 1991 at Oferekpe Community School in Ebonyi State and attended the same community secondary school for his secondary education.

    He holds a first degree in Building Technology and Woodwork from Ebonyi State University. Additionally, he earned a Master’s degree from Salford University, UK, where he specialized in Procurement, Logistics, and Supply Chain Management.

    Political Career: Francis Nwifuru’s first foray into politics was in 2007, when he contested for a seat in the Ebonyi State House of Assembly, representing the Izzi West Constituency. Unfortunately, he did not win that election. However, his loss did not deter him.

    In 2011, he contested again and was elected as a member of the Ebonyi State House of Assembly, where he represented Izzi West Constituency. His political journey gained significant momentum, and he was elected Speaker of the Ebonyi State House of Assembly in both 2015 and 2019.

    His political influence continued to grow. After his tenure in the state assembly, Nwifuru was elected as the Southeast National Vice Chairman of the Conference of Nigerian State Legislatures.

    Governorship: In 2023, Francis Nwifuru took a bold step by running for the governorship of Ebonyi State. His efforts paid off as he won the election and assumed office as Governor.

    Who Is the Current Deputy Governor of Ebonyi State?

    Patricia Obila, deputy governor of Ebonyi state 2023

    Patricia Obila is the current Deputy Governor of Ebonyi State. She is a Nigerian politician from the Afikpo North Local Government Area (LGA), where she was born on November 23, 1968. Obila hails from the Igbo ethnic group and she is known for her dedication to public service.

    Patricia Obila rose to the position of Deputy Governor due to her selfless service and commitment during her tenure as the Vice Chairman of Afikpo North LGA. In this role, she prioritized community development and the well-being of the local people, serving for two terms.

    Her contributions earned her widespread recognition and respect, inspiring the people of Ebonyi to support Francis Ogbonna Nwifuru in the gubernatorial election, which subsequently secured her position as Deputy Governor.

    Patricia Obila is a strong advocate for women’s inclusion in active leadership and development. Her commitment to gender equality in governance likely played a role in her success in attaining her current position. She serves as a reminder to political officeholders that the primary purpose of leadership is to represent and serve the people.

    All List of Ebonyi State Governors – Till Present

    This table contains the names of individuals who have served as governors of Ebonyi State, including both military administrators and civilian governors.

    NameEnter OfficeLeave OfficeParty
    Walter Feghabo7 Oct 1996Aug 1998Military
    Simeon OduoyeAug 1998May 1999Military
    Sam Egwu29 May 199929 May 2007PDP
    Martin Elechi29 May 200729 May 2015PDP
    Dave Umahi29 May 201529 May 2023PDP
    Francis Nwifuru29 May 2023IncumbentAPC

    Higher Institutions in Ebonyi State

    In addition to the Federal University Ndufu-Alike Ikwo (FUNAI) and Ebonyi State University (EBSU), there are several other higher institutions in Ebonyi State for aspiring students seeking to expand their educational horizons. Below is a list of these institutions:

    Name of InstitutionLocationTypeRemarks
    Ebonyi State UniversityAbakalikiUniversityBachelor’s and Master’s degrees
    Federal University Ndufu Alike IkwoIkwoUniversityBachelor’s and Master’s degrees
    Akanu Ibiam Federal PolytechnicUnwana, AfikpoPolytechnicNational Diploma (ND) and Higher National Diploma (HND)
    Federal College of AgricultureIshiaguPolytechnicNational Diploma (ND) and Higher National Diploma (HND)
    Federal College of Education (Technical)IsuPolytechnicNational Diploma (ND) and Higher National Diploma (HND)
    Ebonyi State College of Health and MidwiferyUburuCollegeDiploma in Health and Midwifery
    King David College of MedicineUburuPrivate CollegeBachelor’s in Medicine and related fields
    College of Nursing and Midwifery, Mater Misericordiae HospitalAfikpoPrivate CollegeNursing Diploma
    School of Nursing and Midwifery, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching HospitalAbakalikiFederal CollegeNursing Diploma
    Ebonyi State College of EducationIkwoState CollegeNational Certificate in Education (NCE)

    Notable People from Ebonyi State

    Notable among them is Ayim Pius Ayim, a prominent political figure who has held several offices in Nigeria. He served as the President of the Nigerian Senate from 2000 to 2003. Pius Ayim was born on February 17, 1961. He attended Imo State University and is a lawyer by profession.

    Another notable individual is Uche Ewah Azikiwe, the wife of the late Nnamdi Azikiwe, the first President of Nigeria. Apart from being a First Lady, she is an academic scholar with a professorial qualification. Uche Ewah Azikiwe also served as a member of the Central Bank of Nigeria’s Board of Directors in 1991. She was born on February 4, 1947, and hails from the Afikpo area of Ebonyi State.

    Additionally, there is the award-winning Nigerian gospel minister, Sinach, whose full name is Osinachi Kalu Okoro Egbu. If you have heard the song “Way Maker,” she is the anointed artist behind this internationally acclaimed gospel worship song. She was born on March 30, 1972, to a father of Afikpo South origin and fellowships at the Christ Embassy denomination.

    Also noteworthy are the Nigerian Afrobeat singers Patoranking, whose real name is Patrick Nnaemeka Okorie, and Tekno, whose full name is Augustine Miles Kelechi Okechukwu; both are from Ebonyi State. Tekno was born on December 17, 1990, while Patoranking was born on May 27, 1990.

  • Inside Cross River State: The People,  Culture, & Government

    Inside Cross River State: The People,  Culture, & Government

    Welcome to Cross River! This guide I’ll take you on a learning journey, unveiling the historical path of the state, including its date of creation, the number of local government areas (LGA’s), population size, languages spoken, and the current governor, among other details. Even if you’ve never been to Cross River before, by the end of this article, you’ll feel as if you’ve experienced the land right from your mobile device. The amazing thing is that the internet has brought the world closer to us. If you’re interested in current news or happenings in Cross River, you can simply tap your device and get the latest updates. Now, let’s get started!

    When was Cross River created?

    Tracing the footprints of history, Cross River was originally a part of the South-Eastern State, created on May 27, 1967. It was later renamed to Cross River in 1976 under General Yakubu Gowon’s administration. That day marked a significant celebration for the people of Cross River, as they embraced their new state identity.

    However, the state’s capital remains Calabar, a popular and beautiful city in the heart of Nigeria. No wonder the state is nicknamed “The People’s Paradise.” Oh, what a place to behold, if you haven’t visited yet! Nevertheless, Cross River was created in 1967, with the name change happening in 1976.

    Cross River State
    Capital: Calabar
    Cross river nigeria map
    Nickname: The People’s Paradise

    Date of Creation:27 May 1967
    LocationSouth South
    Executive Governor:Bassey Otu
    Deputy Governor:Peter Odey
    Population:2.9 million as at 2006 Census
    Language:Efik, Ejagham, Tiv, Igbo, Bekwarra
    LGA:18
    Postal Code540001

    What Location?

    Cross River State is located in the South-South geopolitical zone of Nigeria. It shares national borders with:

    Cross River is approximately between latitudes 4.5° N and 5.5° N and longitudes 7.5° E and 9.5° E. Additionally, it is located north of the equator.

    Geographical Features

    The Cross River, from which the state derives its name, is one of the most notable geographical features that visitors can easily recognize upon entering the state. This river divides the state and serves as its western border. The Calabar and Kwa Rivers are other important rivers; they flow through the Oban Hills and into Calabar City before entering the Cross River Estuary.

    Cross River lies between the savanna mosaic Guinea forest and the Sanaga coastal forest. To the extreme south is the Central African mangrove, while the northeast features the Cameroonian montane forest. The state also boasts wildlife reserves such as the Cross River National Park and Afi Wildlife Sanctuary. In these reserves, you’ll find various animals, including African buffalo, red colobus monkeys, West African crocodiles, bat hawks, and tree pangolins. Notably, some of the last remaining species of Nigeria/Cameroon chimpanzees, Cross River gorillas, and African forest elephants can also be found here.

    Climate of the Area

    The climatic conditions in Cross River are similar to those of many other Nigerian states, as it experiences a tropical climate. The average temperature ranges from 15°C to 30°C, but temperatures can fluctuate throughout the state. Particularly in the Obudu Plateau, due to its high elevation above sea level, temperatures fluctuate between 4°C and 10°C. The rainy season starts in March and ends in November, transitioning into the dry season, which lasts until March of the following year. The state experiences an average annual rainfall of between 2,000 mm and 3,000 mm, with daily average temperatures ranging from 15°C to 25°C.

    What’s the Population?

    According to the National Population Commission, the population of Cross River State in 2006 was estimated at 2.9 million, ranking it 27th among the 36 states in Nigeria in terms of population size. By 2022, the estimated population had increased to approximately 3.7 million, placing Cross River 26th among the states. Comparing the two figures shows that the state’s population has grown, though not by a significant margin. The next census will provide a clearer insight into whether the state is under populated or overpopulated.

    Languages Spoken

    Cross River State is home to a diverse range of native languages, featuring up to 50 different dialects. Some areas speak Tiv, which has the majority of its speakers in the northern region, while the Igbo dialect is spoken by people from the eastern parts. British English remains the official language of communication in both private and governmental organizations. However, Efik is the most common local dialect, and Ejagham is also prevalent in the central and northern areas of the state. Additionally, people in the LGA widely speak Bekwarra. A list of other languages spoken in the LGAs is provided below.

    How Many LGA’s?

    Cross River State is currently divided into 18 local government areas (LGAs). See the list and the corresponding dialects spoken in each area.

    S/NLocal Government Area
    1Abi
    2Akamkpa
    3Akpabuyo
    4Bekwarra
    5Bakassi
    6Biase
    7Boki
    8Calabar Municipal
    9Calabar South
    10Etung
    11Ikom
    12Obanliku
    13Obubra
    14Obudu
    15Odukpani
    16Ogoja
    17Yakurr
    18Yala

    Culture in Cross River State                              

    The different ethnic groups present in Cross River State make the cultural heritage of the land rich and diverse. One notable aspect of these people is their love for festivals. Particularly in the month of December, the state features two distinct festivals: the Float Festival, which takes place every 27th of December, followed by the State Christmas Festival, celebrated on 31st of December annually.

    Additionally, the Yakurr people celebrate their Yam Festival on 28th August each year, and the Igede New Yam Festival is celebrated across three different towns: Bekwarra, Obanliku, and Obudu. This festival is held on the first Saturday of September annually. The cultural diversity also extends to the Annong people, whose festivities include cultural dances, with Ikpobin being one of the top dances, alongside others like Obam, Etam, and more.

    These festival highlights show that Cross River is a place of rich cultural values.

    Who Was The First Governor Of Cross River?

    Udokaha Jacob Esuene., the first governor of cross river state

    The state has experienced many rulers since its creation in 1967, but the very first person to govern Cross River was Udokaha Jacob Esuene. He served as a military administrator, a title typically used for governors under the military regime. Jacob’s administration began in 1967 and lasted until 1975 when the state was known as Southeastern State. Udokaha Esuene was born in 1936 to an Ibibio father. He rose to the position through an appointment by General Yakubu Gowon. Before becoming governor, he was a fighter pilot. His political career suffered a setback in 1975 when General Murtala Mohammed dismissed him from office, but he later regained his position under Ibrahim Babangida, the then military president of Nigeria.

    Who is the Current Governor of Cross River State?

    Bassey Edet Otu, governor of cross river state

    Bassey Edet Otu is the current governor of Cross River State. Otu won the 2023 gubernatorial election and assumed office on May 29, 2023. He will serve a four-year term and may have another opportunity to remain in office if re-elected in 2027.

    Bassey Otu began his political career as a senator in the Federal Republic of Nigeria from June 6, 2011, to June 6, 2015. During this time, he represented the Cross River South Senatorial District. While in the Senate, he chaired the Senate Committee on Banking and the Financial Industry, as well as the Committee on Power, Petroleum, and Water Resources, among others. Due to his political strength, President Muhammadu Buhari appointed Otu to his cabinet to serve under the National Health Insurance Scheme.

    In addition to his political offices, Bassey Edet Otu was a former member of the House of Representatives, representing the Calabar Municipality/Odukpani Federal Constituency from 2003 to 2011.

    The governor was born on October 18, 1959, and hails from Odukpani Local Government Area. He spent his childhood in both Calabar and Jos. He holds a B.Sc. degree from the University of Calabar. Before joining Nigerian politics, his early career was in the banking and oil sectors.

    Who Is the Current Deputy Governor of Cross River State?

    Peter Odey, deputer governor of crossiver state during Bassey Otu being the execuitive governor

    The current deputy governor of Cross River State is Peter Odey. He was born on June 2, 1974, in Cross River State and grew up there. He completed his primary and secondary education in Ogoja and obtained his first degree in the state. Odey holds a bachelor’s degree in Sociology from the University of Calabar (UNICAL) and later pursued further studies abroad. In 2002, he traveled to Belgium to study Political Sociology at the Catholic University of Leuven. He also obtained an MSc in International Relations during his time abroad.

    Odey’s political career has been diverse, with several leadership positions held during his time at UNICAL, including roles in the Students’ Union Government (SUG). He continued to display leadership skills during his National Youth Service Corps (NYSC) year, where he served as the CLO (Corps Liaison Officer) for his batch.

    Odey’s political journey has not been without challenges, as he faced setbacks in several attempts to run for the Ogoja Local Government Area and the Cross River State House of Assembly. However, his breakthrough came in 2015, when he was elected to represent Ogoja at the Cross River State House of Assembly, a position he was re-elected to in 2019. His political fortunes reached new heights when he was selected as Bassey Otu’s running mate in the 2023 governorship election, which they won, making him the deputy governor of the state.

    Who are the Past Governors of Cross River State?

    Like every other state in Nigeria, Cross River has had both past and present governors who have been in charge of the state’s administration. In addition to civilian government, the state has also experienced military rule. Below is a list of the governors, including their names, titles, years in office, and party affiliation.

    Name and TitleStart OfficeEnd OfficeParty
    Uduokaha Esuene
    (Governor)
    28 May 1967Jul 1975Military
    Paul Omu
    (Governor)
    3 Feb 1976Jul 1978Military
    Babatunde Elegbede  
    (Governor)
    Jul 1978Oct 1979Military
    Clement Isong
    (Governor)
    Oct 1979Oct 1983NPN
    Donald Etiebet
    (Governor)
    Oct 1983Dec 1983NPN
    Dan Archibong
    (Governor)
    May 19841986Military
    Eben I. Princewill
    (Governor)
    1986Dec 1989Military
    Ernest Attah
    (Governor)
    Dec 1989Jan 1992Military
    Clement Ebri
    (Governor)
    Jan 1992Nov 1993NRC
    Ibrahim Kefas
    (Administrator)
    9 Dec 199314 Sep 1994Military
    Gregory Agboneni
    (Administrator)
    14 Sep 199422 Aug 1996Military
    Umar F. Ahmed
    (Administrator)
    22 Aug 1996Aug 1998Military
    Christopher Osondu
    (Administrator)
    Aug 1998May 1999Military
    Donald Duke
    (Governor)
    29 May 199929 May 2007PDP
    Liyel Imoke
    (Governor)
    29 May 200729 May 2015PDP
    Benedict Ayade
    (Governor)
    29 May 201529 May 2023APC
    Bassey Otu
    (Governor)
    29 May 2023PresentAPC

    Higher Institutions in Cross River State

    With the number of higher institutions, Cross River is an educational hub. Aspiring students can choose from the list of options below:

    NameTypeRemark
    University of CalabarFederalEstablished in 1975, offers undergraduate and postgraduate degrees in various fields including arts, social sciences, sciences, and education.
    University of Cross River State (UNICROSS)StateState-owned, located in Okuku, offers degree programs in management, sciences, arts, and education.
    College of Health TechnologyStateLocated in Calabar, offers health-related programs and awards diplomas and certificates in nursing, medical laboratory science, and public health.
    Ibrahim Babangida College of AgricultureStateLocated in Obubra, offers programs in animal husbandry, crop production, and agricultural technology.
    Cross River State College of EducationStateState-owned, located in Akamkpa, offers education programs and awards NCE certificates for aspiring teachers.
    Federal College of Education, ObuduFederalOffers NCE programs and vocational training in education and other disciplines.
    Polytechnic UgepStateLocated in Yakurr, offers HND and ND programs in technology, business, and engineering fields.
    Arthur Jarvis University, AkpabuyoPrivateOffers undergraduate programs in arts, sciences, law, and management.

     

  • Borno State Overview: Comprehensive Guide To The State

    Borno State Overview: Comprehensive Guide To The State

    Borno state is one of the oldest states in Nigeria. However, the area has been battling insecurity, which began with the uprising of Boko Haram, affecting its development. Despite these security challenges, Borno remains a notable place to visit, although it is quite distant to travel. This article aims to enlighten you about its establishment, language, population, local government areas, governors, and universities/institutions in the region.

    Creation of Borno

    Borno ranks 7th position among the list of 36 states and capitals of Nigeria. Like other states, and in line with the government’s agenda to enhance administrative effectiveness and representation in the region, Borno was established. It was carved out of the former North-Eastern State in 1976 by General Murtala Mohammed during military rule. The name “Borno” originates from the ancient heritage of the Borno Emirate. Maiduguri is its capital city. Borno has the second-largest landmass among the thirty-six states in the federation. It shares borders with three other Nigerian states and three international countries.

    Location of The State

    Borno is located in the northeastern part of Nigeria, at approximately 11.0° N latitude and 13.0° E longitude. It shares state borders with:

    • Yobe to the west,
    • Gombe to the southwest,
    • Adamawa to the south.

    Additionally, it shares international borders with:

    • Cameroon to the east,
    • Niger Republic to the north,
    • Chad Republic to the northeast.

    The relatively easy accessibility of Borno has facilitated entry for foreigners without proper documentation, which is believed to have contributed to the security challenges in the region.

    Borno State
    Capital:Maiduguri
    map of Borno - Maiduguri state
    Nickname: Home of Peace

    Date of Creation:3 February 1976
    LocationNorth East
    Executive Governor:Babagana Umara Zulum
    Deputy Governor:Umar Usman Kadafur
    Population:6.1 million as at 2022 Estimate
    Language:Hausa, Kanuri, Shuwa Arabic and others
    LGA:27
    Postal Code
    600001

    Geographical Features

    In the geographical assessment, Borno is located between the semi-desert Sahelian savannah in the north and the West Sudanian savannah, which stretches to the southeast along the Mandara Plateau.

    Another significant feature is Lake Chad, accompanied by the waterlogged savannah in the extreme northeast. The Yobe River, which feeds into the flooded savannah of Lake Chad, serves as a natural border between the state and Niger.

    Notably, the expansive Chad Basin National Park is situated in the central part of the state. This park is home to diverse wildlife, including the patas monkey, spotted hyena, roan antelope, black-crowned crane, and the last remaining population of Nigeria’s bush elephants.

    Additionally, the Sambisa Forest is part of the Lake Chad Park. It was occupied by Boko Haram during the insurgency in the early 2010s, which caused many animals to flee the area. Unfortunately, recent flooding in Borno has impacted this park, raising concerns about the survival of these animals.

    Population of Borno State

    Unfortunately, Borno lacks documented population records from the last census held in 2006 due to ongoing insecurity in the region. The inability to access certain areas of the state made data collection incomplete, and no official census figure was allocated to Borno. However, in 2022, the estimated population of the state was approximately 6,111,500, ranking it as the twelfth largest out of Nigeria’s 36 states.

    Despite being the second largest in land area among the 36 states, Borno is relatively less populous. Based on the 2022 estimated population, the state has a population density of 86 people per square kilometer (220 per square mile), indicating a sparse distribution. This sparse population is likely a result of the insecurity affecting the northern states, which has forced many residents to migrate to neighboring states or countries in search of safety and settlement.

    How Is The Climate?

    The climate conditions in Borno differ significantly from those in the southeastern states. Borno experiences variable rainfall, with the rainy season beginning in June or July, compared to the southeastern states, where it starts earlier. Rainfall in Borno is distinct and has a short cycle, lasting only five months each year.

    Additionally, the northeastern states experience harmattan from December to February. The region also has relatively high humidity levels year-round. January is the coldest month, with an average annual temperature of 28 degrees Celsius, while May is the hottest month, with an average temperature of 34 degrees Celsius. August is the wettest month in Borno, with an average rainfall of 118.6 mm.

    Overall, the climate in Borno is notably different from that of the southeastern states.

    How Many Languages?

    The Nigerian state of Borno has several local dialects. In particular, the Mandara language has numerous variations spoken by the people living in the Mandara Mountain settlements. However, in the northeastern part of Borno, Kanuri is the predominant language. The Hausa language is widely spoken across the state, especially in urban areas, serving as a common means of communication. Another prominent language is Shuwa Arabic, spoken in the northern part of the state near the borders of Chad and Cameroon. Borno is a region of vast linguistic diversity, with the three most widely spoken languages being Kanuri, Hausa, and Shuwa Arabic.

    What Do The People Do for a Living?

    In rural or remote areas, agriculture is the primary occupation. Livestock farming and crop cultivation are the major sources of livelihood. Agricultural products once formed a significant part of Borno’s economy, especially before the Boko Haram insurgency, which forced many farmers to abandon their farmlands. This disruption has led to food shortages in the region, contributing to scarcity across the nation, as Borno was previously a key food supplier for the country.

    In urban areas, people are engaged in various occupations, including commerce and trading. Maiduguri, the state capital, serves as a hub of trade and commerce.

    Religion in Borno

    Borno is characterized by religious diversity. Approximately 80 percent of the population is Muslim, while around 12 percent are Christians. The remaining 7 percent adhere to traditional beliefs, predominantly in the southern settlements.

    How Many Local Government Areas?

    Borno State has 27 local government areas. See the list below:

    LGALGALGA
    AbadamAskira/UbaBama
    BayoBiuChibok
    DamboaDikwaGubio
    GuzamalaGwozaHawul
    JereKagaKala/Balge
    KondugaKukawaKwaya Kusar
    MafaMagumeriMaiduguri
    MarteMobbarMonguno
    NgalaNganzaiShani

    Borno State’s First Military Governor

    Millitary governor borno state

    Borno had a military officer, Musa Usman, as the first governor of the state when it was part of the former North-Eastern State. Musa served as a military administrator, unlike civilian governors in a democratic system. During his tenure, some notable developments in the state included the establishment of a cement plant, Ashaka Cement, which began operations on July 19, 1979.

    Musa Usman also participated in peace talks regarding the settlement of the border dispute between Cameroon and Nigeria in 1975. However, he was believed to have been an active participant in the military coup that ousted Nigeria’s head of state, Aguiyi-Ironsi, in 1966, which resulted in Yakubu Gowon being installed as head of state.

    By 1976, Musa Usman became an advocate for the military to transfer power to a civilian government. Notably, he studied overseas at the Royal Military Academy in England. After retiring as a Brigadier, he embarked on a new career at the Bank of the North, where he served as a director.

    Current Governor of Borno State

    Babagana Umara Zulum governor of bauchi

    Babagana Umara Zulum is the current executive governor of Borno State. He is a Nigerian professor and politician. Zulum was born on August 25, 1969, in Mafa, Borno State. He completed his primary education at Mafa Primary School in 1980. Between 1980 and 1985, Zulum attended Monguno Government Secondary School, and later obtained his first degree in Agricultural Engineering from the University of Maiduguri in 1985. He also earned a master’s degree in the same field from the University of Ibadan and completed a PhD in Soil and Water Engineering from the University of Maiduguri.

    In his early career, Zulum worked at the Borno State Ministry of Agriculture. He was appointed Senior Field Officer in 1990 with the Unified Local Government Service and later worked as a Water Engineer in the same organization. Additionally, he worked in the education sector as an assistant lecturer at the University of Maiduguri in 2000, eventually attaining the rank of professor. He also served as the Deputy Dean of the Faculty of Engineering in 2010 and as the Acting Dean in 2011.

    While maintaining his teaching position at the University of Maiduguri, he was appointed Rector of Ramat Polytechnic. Zulum’s political career began in 2015 when he became a commissioner under Kashim Shettima’s government. He later won the governorship election in Borno State in 2019 and assumed office on May 29, 2019.

    Current Deputy Governor of Borno State

    Umar Usman Kadafur, the deputy governor of bauchi state

    The current deputy governor of Borno State is Umar Usman Kadafur. Professionally, he is a public administrator and Nigerian politician. Kadafur was born on May 31, 1976, and hails from Biu Local Government Area. After completing his early education at Mbulamel Primary School, he earned his Senior Secondary School Certificate (SSSC) from Monguno Government Secondary School (GSS). He pursued a degree in Public Administration at the University of Maiduguri.

    While there is little information about his career before entering politics, he assumed office as the Deputy Governor of Borno State on May 29, 2019, under the APC party, alongside Governor Babagana Umara Zulum.

    List of All Governors and Administrator of Borno State

    NameTook OfficeLeft OfficeParty
    Musa Usman (Governor)28 May 1967Jul 1975Military
    Muhammadu Buhari (Governor)Jul 1975Mar 1976Military
    Mustapha A. Amin (Governor)Mar 1976Jul 1978Military
    Tunde Idiagbon (Governor)Jul 1978Oct 1979Military
    Mohammed Goni (Governor)Oct 1979Oct 1983GNPP
    Asheik Jarma (Governor)1 Oct 198331 Dec 1983NPN
    Abubakar Waziri (Governor)Jan 1984Aug 1985Military
    Abdulmumini Aminu (Governor)Aug 1985Dec 1987Military
    Abdul One Mohammed  (Governor)Dec 1987Dec 1989Military
    Mohammed Maina (Governor)Dec 1989Jun 1990Military
    Mohammed Buba Marwa (Governor)Jun 1990Jan 1992Military
    Maina Maaji Lawan  (Governor)Jan 1992Nov 1993SDP
    Ibrahim Dada (Administrator)9 Dec 199322 Aug 1996Military
    Victor Ozodinobi  (Administrator)22 Aug 19961997Military
    Augustine Aniebo (Administrator)1997Aug 1998Military
    Lawal Haruna (Administrator)Aug 1998May 1999Military
    Mala Kachalla (Governor)29 May 199929 May 2003APP
    Ali Modu Sheriff (Governor)29 May 200329 May 2011ANPP
    Kashim Shettima (Governor)29 May 201129 May 2019APC
    Babagana Umara Zulum (Governor)29 May 2019IncumbentAPC

    Higher Institutions in Borno State

    If you plan to further your higher education in Borno State, there are many institutional options available. These include universities, polytechnics, colleges, and military schools that offer degrees. Check out the institutions in Borno State below:

    Institution TypeInstitution NameRemark
    Federal InstitutionsUniversity of Maiduguri,Offers both undergraduate and postgraduate programs.
    Nigerian Army University, BiuOffers military and civilian programs in security studies and technology.
    Federal Polytechnic Monguno, MongunoOffers diploma programs in various technical fields.
    Federal University of Agricultural Technology, DamboaProvides agricultural and technology-related programs.
    State InstitutionsBorno State University, MaiduguriOffers various undergraduate and postgraduate programs.
    Mohammed Goni College of Legal & Islamic Studies, MaiduguriOffers programs in legal and Islamic studies.
    Maiduguri College of Nursing and Midwifery, MaiduguriFocuses on nursing and midwifery programs.
    Mohamet Lawan College of Agriculture, MaiduguriProvides agricultural courses and training.
    Private InstitutionsAl-Ansar University, MaiduguriOffers undergraduate programs with a focus on Islamic studies and other fields.

    How to Travel to Borno

    • Wherever you are, ask for the nearest park where you can board a vehicle going to Borno State. You can also take a train if you’re in a location with train services connecting to Borno State.
  • Benue State Guide: The Culture of The People

    Benue State Guide: The Culture of The People

    Are you proudly Benue or just curious about the state? In this article, we’ll explore Benue State’s date of creation, population size, languages, local government areas, the first governor of the state, the current executive and deputy governors, and some notable wealthy individuals from the state.

    When Was Benue State Created?

    On 3rd February 1976, Benue State was created along with six other states in Nigeria. It was established under General Murtala Ramat Mohammed’s military regime to ensure better representation of the local population.

    The state name originates from the benue river. Makurdi, the state capital, houses government offices and other administrative departments.

    Benue State is renowned for its vibrant culture and significant contributions to Nigeria’s cultural heritage. The Idoma people, in particular, play a crucial role in enriching the state’s cultural diversity and traditional practices.

    Where is Benue State Located?

    Benue State is located in the North Central region of Nigeria, approximately at Latitude 7.2000° N and Longitude 9.7000° E. The state shares borders with seven Nigerian states and has an international boundary with Cameroon. Neighboring states include:

    • Nasarawa to the east,
    • Kogi to the west,
    • Ebonyi to the southeast,
    • Enugu and Cross River to the south.

    These strategic borders make Benue State easily accessible from various parts of Nigeria and Cameroon.

    Benue State
    Capital:Makurdi
    benue state map nigeria
    Nickname: Food Basket of the Nation

    Date of Creation:3 February 1976
    LocationNorth Central
    Executive Governor:Hyacinth L. Alia
    Deputy Governor:Samuel Ode
    Population:4.2 million as at 2006 Census
    Language:Idoma, Tiv, Ebira and more
    LGA:23
    Postal CodeNA

    Landmass and Population

    Benue State covers a total land area of approximately 34,059 square kilometers (13,150 square miles). According to the 2006 census, the population of Benue was estimated at 4,253,641, ranking it as the 11th most populous state in Nigeria. By 2022, the population had risen to an estimated 6,141,300, making it the 7th most populous state.

    This rapid population growth indicates that Benue may face challenges related to overpopulation in the near future.

    Climate of The State

    Benue State experiences a tropical wet and dry climate. The average annual temperature ranges between 77°F and 95°F. The wet or rainy season begins in April and extends through October, with the heaviest rainfall occurring in June and September. Conversely, the dry season spans November to March, characterized by low humidity and minimal precipitation. The dry season also includes the Harmattan period, during which dry, dusty winds prevail.

    Occupation of The People

    Agriculture is the primary source of income for the people of Benue State, with over 60% of the population engaged in farming. This has significantly boosted the state’s economy. Benue is a major producer of agricultural products in Nigeria. Its fertile land supports the cultivation of food crops such as yam, cassava, maize, beans, millet, and vegetables, as well as cash crops like tomatoes, melon, pepper, African pear, and palm oil. Additionally, the state is a significant contributor to Nigeria’s animal products, including chicken, goat, poultry, pork, and beef.

    Culture of Benue

    The culture of Benue State is a defining aspect of its identity, showcasing the lifestyle and traditions of its diverse people. Each ethnic group is distinct, identifiable through their colorful traditional attire, masquerades, music, and dances. The traditional dances of Benue, such as Ange, Ogirinya, Anchanakupa, and Ingyough, have earned recognition both locally and internationally.

    Notable cultural festivals include the Alekwu Festival, celebrated by the Idoma people, during which they believe their ancestors reunite with the living in the form of masquerades. Another significant celebration is the Igede Agba, the Yam Festival of the Igede people, held every September. The Tiv Swange dance competition further highlights the state’s cultural vibrancy, making Benue a hub of rich traditions and heritage.

    How Many Languages?

    Benue State is culturally diverse, with up to 40 local languages. The most common is Idoma, spoken in the southern region, followed by Tiv, predominant among the Tiv people in the central region. Ebira is also widely spoken by the Ebira ethnic group in the west, near the boundary with Kogi State. A full list of dialects is available in the LGAs section.

    Local Government Areas

    Benue State has 23 LGAs, each associated with specific local languages, as listed below:

    Local Government AreaLanguage(s) Spoken
    AdoIdoma
    AgatuIdoma
    ApaIdoma
    BurukuGbiri-Ndiome
    GbokoTiv
    GumaTiv
    Gwer-EastTiv
    Gwer-WestTiv
    Katsina-AlaTiv
    KonshishaTiv
    KwandeTiv
    LogoTiv
    MakurdiIdoma and Tiv
    ObiIdoma
    OgbadiboIdoma
    OhiminiIdoma
    OjuIdoma
    OkpokwuIdoma
    OtukpoIdoma
    TarkaTiv
    UshongoTiv
    VandeikyaTiv
    Zaki-BiamTiv

    Who Was The First Governor Of Benue State?

    Benue State was first ruled by a pioneer military governor, often referred to as an administrator, and Abdullahi Shelleng was the first person to govern Benue. He assumed office on February 3, 1976, and served until July 1978.

    Shelleng was born in Gongola State, which is now part of Adamawa State, on January 20, 1942. After completing his primary and secondary education, Abdullahi gained admission to the Nigerian Defense Academy (NDA) in 1962 for a brief period before graduating from the Military Academy, Pakistan in 1965.

    As a learned individual, Abdullahi Shelleng began his career as a Second Lieutenant in 1965. He played an active role in the Nigerian Civil War as a commander. He was later promoted to Colonel after completing a military course at the Command and General Staff College in Kansas. Shelleng was then posted to the Nigerian Army Headquarters, 2nd Infantry Division in Ibadan to serve hos father’s land.

    His tenure as governor came through an appointment by General Murtala Mohammed, then head of state. However, being a governor was not without challenges, as he faced the task of governing a state with diverse ethnic groups, which proved difficult to manage. Despite these challenges, he left a positive legacy, having successfully erected house’s for the many civil servants in the state. He also founded the Murtala College of Art, Science, and Technology. His influence brought a brewery to Benue State, and he also established other industries, such as the Burnt Brick Industry in Otukpo and a sanitary ware establishment in Idah.

    While he made positive contributions to the state, Abdullahi Shelleng was also criticized for abandoning some of the establishments that he had initiated and failed to complete.

    Who Is The Governor Of Benue State?

    On May 29, 2024, Hyacinth Aliat took office at the Benue Government House as the current governor. He is the sixteenth person to serve as governor since the creation of the state. Elected under the APC party, he became the governor of the state.

    His early life began in Vandeikya, a local government area in Benue, where he was born on May 15, 1966. He attended St. Francis Primary School in Gboko and then proceeded to St. James Minor Seminary. After graduating, he gained admission into St. Augustine Major Seminary to study Religious Studies, earning a diploma in 1987. The governor also obtained a BA in Sacred Theology from the same institution in 1990.

    Hyacinth Aliat furthered his education at Fordham University, New York, where he completed a master’s course in Physiology and Counseling. Additionally, at Duquesne University, he obtained an MSc and a Doctorate in Biomedical Ethics in 2005.

    While still focused on his studies, he had already begun his career. He was ordained a Catholic priest on July 7, 1990. As such, he is both a servant of God and the current governor of Benue State.

    Who Is The Deputy Governor Of Benue State?

    Samuel Ode, the running mate of Hyacinth Aliat, is the current Deputy Governor of Benue State. By profession, he is a lawyer and a politician. Samuel’s life began in Edikwu, Benue, where he was born on November 7, 1968. He started his primary school in 1974 and graduated in 1980. In Otukpo, he attended Wesley High School, obtained his secondary school results, and studied law at the Polytechnic of Benue State, graduating in 1987. He also graduated with a Bachelor of Theatre Arts from the University of Jos and later attended the Nigerian Law School, graduating in 2017. Samuel was subsequently called to the bar in 2019.

    Samuel’s political career began in 2002 when he served as Secretary of the National Democratic Party. He later became the Special Adviser to George Akume, a former Governor of the state, before taking the position of Chairman of Otukpo Local Government. Gabriel Suswam also appointed him as Special Adviser on Local Government Areas and Chieftaincy Affairs. He then joined the Goodluck Jonathan administration as Minister of Niger Delta Affairs, among other roles, before becoming the Deputy Governor of Benue State in 2024.

    Governors of Benue State to Date

    The list of Benue State governors includes both military and civilian administrators.

    NamePartyTook OfficeLeft Office
    Abdullahi Shelleng (Governor)MilitaryMar 1976Jul 1978
    Adebayo Lawal (Governor)MilitaryJul 1978Oct 1979
    Aper Aku (Governor)NPNOct 1979Dec 1983
    John Kpera (Governor)MilitaryJan 1984Aug 1985
    Jonah David Jang (Governor)MilitaryAug 1985Aug 1986
    Yohanna Madaki (Governor)MilitaryAug 1986Sep 1986
    Ishaya Bakut (Governor)MilitarySep 19861987
    Idris Garba (Governor)Military19871987
    Fidelis Makka (Governor)MilitaryDec 1987Jan 1992
    Moses Adasu  (Governor)SDPJan 1992Nov 1993
    Joshua O. Obademi (Administrator)MilitaryDec 1993Aug 1996
    Aminu Isa Kontagora (Administrator)MilitaryAug 1996Aug 1998
    Dominic Oneya (Administrator)MilitaryAug 1998May 1999
    George Akume (Governor)PDPMay 1999May 2007
    Gabriel Suswam (Governor)PDPMay 2007May 2015
    Samuel Ortom (Governor)PDPMay 2015May 2023
    Rev. Fr. Hyacinth Alia (Governor)APCMay 2023Incumbent

    Educational Institute in Benue

    Benue State prioritizes education, with several higher institutions contributing to its progress. The state boasts two universities: Benue State University and Joseph Sarwuan Tarka University. It also has two state polytechnics: Akawe Torkula Polytechnic and Benue State Polytechnic, Ugbokolo. Additionally, there is a College of Education in Katsina-Ala and the privately-owned University of Mkar. The universities offer degree courses, the polytechnics award diplomas, and the College of Education provides NCE qualifications.

    Who Is The Richest Man In Benue State?

    Though there are many rich and successful people from Benue State across diverse business fields, there isn’t much information about the richest person. However, some of these notable individuals are worth a significant fortune.

    John Dyegh’s net worth is estimated to be several billions of naira. He is a Nigerian politician, businessman, and philanthropist.

    Chief Kassa Andonka, a Nigerian who once served as the Attorney General of Nigeria, has also amassed wealth from the legal, real estate, agricultural sectors, and the political sphere. His net worth is estimated to be in the billions of naira.

    Dr. Samuel Ortom is another of the richest people from Benue. Before becoming the governor of the state, serving two terms, which boosted his wealth, he was a successful businessman in farming, transportation, and the printing press industries. He is considered a billionaire.

    Dr. Paul Enenche also falls within the realm of billionaires in terms of net worth. He is a medical doctor and businessman with ventures in various sectors, including education, healthcare, and others. Above all, Dr. Paul is a dedicated servant of God and the senior pastor of Dunamis Gospel International Church (Glory Dome) in Abuja. He is also a philanthropist and charitable individual.

    Terry Waya is a high-profile Nigerian living an extravagant lifestyle. His investments are deeply rooted in real estate both in Nigeria and abroad, particularly in the United Kingdom, where he is known to live a flamboyant lifestyle. His presence in property development has contributed to his wealth, making him one of the wealthiest businessmen from Benue. His net worth is estimated to be in billions of naira, although no verified source has disclosed his exact worth.

    Frequently Asked Questions

    Who discovered the River Niger and River Benue?
    • The River Niger, which is the third longest river in West Africa, was first explored and discovered by Mungo Park in 1796. Park, a Scottish explorer, was the first to write about the Niger River, though he was tragically killed during his exploration. The River Benue, on the other hand, was first discovered by Eduard Robert Flegel, a German geographer, in 1879.
    When was Benue State created?
    • Benue State was established on February 3, 1976, by General Murtala Mohammed.

    How many local government areas are in Benue State?

    • Benue State has 23 local government areas, each overseen by a chairman.
  • Bayelsa State Overview: The Complete and Updated Guide

    Bayelsa State Overview: The Complete and Updated Guide

    Do you want to learn about Bayelsa State, one of the oil-rich states in Nigeria? If so, I’d be glad to guide you through its historical background, including its creation date, number of LGA’s, languages spoken, religions, and means of livelihood, population, higher institutions, and more. Even if you’re not from there, learning about the state is worthwhile. So, let’s get started!

    When Was Bayelsa State Created?

    Bayelsa State was created on October 1, 1996, when it was carved out of the then Rivers State. It was established during the regime of General Sani Abacha as part of his administrative restructuring efforts to increase the number of states in Nigeria. The capital of Bayelsa state is Yenagoa, where the governor oversees the affairs of the state. Apart from the state capital, other notable towns and areas in Bayelsa include Akassa, Amassoma, Lobia, Wilberforce Island, and others.

    Where is Bayelsa Located?

    Bayelsa is located in the southern region of Nigeria and is part of the Niger Delta basin. It is bordered to the:

    • West by Delta State,
    • East by Rivers State,
    • And to the south by the Atlantic Ocean.

    The state lies approximately between 4.5° and 6.5° N latitude and 6.0° and 7.5° E longitude. Bayelsa is renowned for its abundant oil reserves and its intricate network of waterways.

    Bayelsa State
    Capital:Yenagoa
    Bayelsa state map nigeria
    Nickname: Glory of all lands

    Date of Creation:1 October 1996
    LocationSouth South
    Executive Governor:Douye Diri
    Deputy Governor:Lawrence Ewhrudjakpo
    Population:1.7 million as at 2006 Census
    Language:Ijaw, Ijo, Abureni, Isoko, Urhobo
    LGA:8
    Postal Code560001

    Geographic Features

    Bayelsa is characterized by its extensive wetlands and river systems. Many communities in the state are surrounded by water, with some buildings constructed on stilts or floating, making road access challenging. The region features tropical rainforests with diverse vegetation, including trees, grasses, and shrubs. It also includes vast mangrove swamps and delta terrain, which are flat, low-lying areas susceptible to flooding during the rainy season.

    The Edumanom Forest Reserve, notable for its chimpanzee population, is a key attraction for wildlife enthusiasts. Additionally, the state’s economy is significantly supported by its abundant oil and natural gas resources. The region is also dotted with numerous creeks and illegal bunkering sites, where crude oil is processed into petroleum products and by-products.

    What is The Land Area?

    Bayelsa is the 27th largest state out of 36 in Nigeria, with a land area of 10,773 square kilometers, representing 1.17% of Nigeria’s total land area.

    What is The Population Size?

    According to the 2006 census conducted by the National Population Commission, Bayelsa had a population of 1,704,515. By 2022, the population was estimated at 2,537,400, making it the least populous state in Nigeria. This represents a population increase of approximately 832,885 people between 2006 and 2022.

    Projections indicate that by 2038, the population may reach an estimated 3,337,400, accounting for both natural growth and migration.

    Note: Bayelsa is ranked 36th in population among the 36 states in Nigeria.

    Languages in Bayelsa

    The riverine state’s indigenous peoples speak several local dialects, such as Ijaw, Southeast Ijo, Kolokuma, and others. Among these, Ijaw is the most widely spoken. In the southern parts of Bayelsa, the Ijo language predominates. Additionally, in the Sagbama Local Government Area (LGA), you will find speakers of the Urhobo language, while Isoko is spoken in some other parts of the state.

    Bayelsa is, therefore, a multilingual region with a rich tapestry of local dialects.

    Local Government Areas

    The LGA’s divide the state’s population into strata for easy identification of where indigenes originate, which are listed below along with the languages spoken in each LGA:

    LGALanguages/Dialects Spoken
    BrassAbureni, Southeast Ijo, Ogbia, Kugbo
    EkeremorIzon
    Kolokuma OpokumaKolokuma
    NembeAbureni, Ijaw Nembe
    OgbiaAbureni, Odual, Ogbia, Oruma, Southeast Ijo
    SagbamaBuseni, Ogbah, Izon, Okodia, Isoko, Urhobo
    Southern IjawSoutheast Ijo, Izon
    YenagoaEkpeye, Izon, and others

    Religion in the State

    The majority of Bayelsans practice Christianity and indigenous African religions. Islam is also present but less prevalent compared to the other two religions. Bayelsa is home to the Catholic Diocese of Bomadi, which serves a large congregation of Catholic worshippers. Additionally, there are numerous Pentecostal and new-generation churches where people worship in various locations across the state. Religious freedom is upheld, allowing individuals to practice their chosen faith without restrictions.

    Occupation of the People

    The primary occupations of Bayelsans include agriculture, fishing, and oil and gas extraction. The region is suitable for cultivating crops such as cassava, yam, maize, plantain, and sugarcane. Oil palm and timber are also widely grown in this riverine state. Although rice farming could be viable, it requires substantial investment to thrive.

    Fishing is a significant livelihood due to the coastal and waterlogged nature of the environment. Many Bayelsans are engaged in the oil and gas sector, either directly through employment in oil-producing communities or indirectly through opportunities created by the industry.

    Despite being an oil-rich state, poverty persists in Bayelsa due to Nigeria’s fiscal federalism, which governs resource sharing. Another significant challenge is oil spills, which pollute water bodies, harm aquatic life, and disrupt farming activities.

    Who Was The First Governor Of Bayelsa State?

    Phillip Oladipo Ayeni: Bayelsa First Governor

    Phillip Oladipo Ayeni was the first military administrator of Bayelsa State. A captain in the Nigerian Navy, he governed the state from February 1996 to April 21, 1997. Born in 1949, Ayeni passed away due to illness.

    Despite his untimely death, Ayeni left a lasting legacy by laying the foundation for the state’s development through the policies and programs he initiated. Although he did not live to witness the full impact of his work, the subsequent growth and progress of Bayelsa stand as a testament to the solid groundwork he established. Ayeni set the bedrock for the development that Bayelsans enjoy today.

    Who Is the Governor of Bayelsa State?

    Douye Diri: bayelsa state governor 2020

    Douye Diri is the current governor of Bayelsa State. He assumed office on February 14, 2020.

    Born on June 4, 1959, Diri hails from the Kolokuma/Opokuma Local Government Area of Bayelsa State. He is a Nigerian politician with a strong academic and political background.

    Diri completed his primary education in 1977 at Rev. Proctor Memorial Primary School. He went on to finish his secondary education at Government Secondary School, Odi, and later obtained a National Certificate in Education (NCE) from the College of Education, Port Harcourt, Rivers State. He also holds a bachelor’s degree in Political Science from the University of Port Harcourt (UNIPORT).

    Diri became the governor of Bayelsa State after the Supreme Court nullified the election of David Lyon, the winner of the 2019 governorship election. The court ruled that Lyon’s running mate had submitted false documents to the Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC). As a result, the Supreme Court directed that Douye Diri be issued a certificate of return, making him the governor of the state.

    Before becoming governor, Diri served as a senator representing the Bayelsa Central Senatorial District in the 9th Assembly from 2019 to 2020.

    Who Is the Deputy Governor of Bayelsa State?

    Lawrence O. Ewhrudjakpo: Bayelsa deputy governor 2020

    Lawrence O. Ewhrudjakpo is the current Deputy Governor of Bayelsa State. He previously served as a senator in the 9th National Assembly from 2019 to 2020, representing the Bayelsa West Senatorial District.

    Born on September 5, 1965, in the Sagbama Local Government Area (part of the Eastern Region), Ewhrudjakpo completed his primary education in 1976 and later finished his secondary education at Bomadi Government School. After obtaining his Senior School Certificate, he studied Community Health at the College of Health in Port Harcourt, Rivers State, where he earned a diploma.

    Ewhrudjakpo furthered his education by earning a Bachelor of Science degree in Secretarial Administration in 1998 from the Rivers State University of Science and Technology. He also obtained a Law degree from the same university in 2007, after completing a Master of Business Administration (MBA) in 2000. He is also a holder of a PhD.

    His political career began when he served as a senator. In 2019, he was the running mate to Douye Diri, but they initially lost to David Lyon. However, following a Supreme Court ruling that invalidated David Lyon’s victory due to issues with his credentials, Douye Diri was reinstated as governor, and Lawrence Oborawharievwo Ewhrudjakpo assumed office as the Deputy Governor of Bayelsa State.

    List of All Bayelsa Governors Till Date

    The list consist both military administrator and civilian governors

    NameStart TenureEnd TenureParty
    Phillip Ayeni7 Oct 199628 Feb 1997Mil
    Habu Daura28 Feb 199727 Jun 1997Mil
    Omoniyi Caleb Olubolade27 Jun 19979 Jul 1998Mil
    Paul Obi9 Jul 199829 May 1999Mil
    Diepreye Alamieyeseigha29 May 19999 Dec 2005PDP
    Goodluck Jonathan9 Dec 200529 May 2007PDP
    Timipre Sylva29 May 200716 Apr 2008PDP
    Werinipre Seibarugo16 Apr 200827 May 2008
    Timipre Sylva27 May 200827 Jan 2012PDP
    Nestor Binabo27 Jan 201214 Feb 2012
    Henry Dickson14 Feb 201214 Feb 2020PDP
    Duoye Diri14 Feb 2020PresentPDP

    Higher Institutions in Bayelsa State

    Bayelsa is home to government-approved and accredited universities, a polytechnic, and a college of education. These institutions were established to ensure that Bayelsans, as well as individuals from other states, have access to quality education. People from other states are also admitted to these higher institutions if they meet the admission requirements, making the state a hub for academic excellence. Below is an overview of the key learning institutions in Bayelsa State:

    NameTypeRemark
    Bayelsa Medical University (BMU)StateOffers medical courses designed to train healthcare professionals in the Niger Delta.
    Federal University Otuoke (FUO)FederalEstablished in 2011, it provides undergraduate and postgraduate courses across disciplines.
    Niger Delta University (NDU)StateLocated on Wilberforce Island, offers programs in arts, sciences, and social sciences.
    University of Africa, Toru Orua (UAT)StateFounded in 2016, it provides programs in humanities, management sciences, natural sciences, social sciences, and engineering.
    Federal Polytechnic EkoweFederalFocuses on technology and related disciplines, equipping students with practical skills.
    Isaac Jasper Adaka Boro College of EducationStateSpecializes in educational programs for aspiring teachers and educators.

    Governorship Election and Results

    As a state in a democratic republic, Bayelsa operates a party system that produces qualified candidates from each political party. Each party has established criteria for selecting its flagbearer in governorship elections. Based on these criteria, parties organize primary elections for candidates who purchase nomination forms and meet the necessary requirements as outlined by the party.

    To become a candidate representing the People’s Democratic Party (PDP) or All Progressives Congress (APC), the following steps are typically required:

    • Declare Interest and Purchase a Nomination Form: The individual must formally declare their intention to run for office and purchase the party’s nomination form.
    • Screening of Application Forms and Credentials: The candidate’s application and credentials are screened by the party to ensure they meet the requirements.
    • Party Primary Election: A primary election is conducted by the party, during which members vote for their preferred candidate. The voting system can be either direct (involving all party members) or indirect (involving selected delegates). The winner of the primary becomes the party’s official candidate for the governorship election.

    Example: Bayelsa 2023 Governorship Election Result

    In the 2023 Bayelsa governorship election, the APC and PDP candidates were the top contenders. The incumbent governor, Douye Diri, represented the PDP, while Timipre Sylva stood for the APC.

    The election results favored the People’s Democratic Party (PDP), with Douye Diri securing a total of 142,994 votes, defeating Timipre Sylva of the APC, who received 100,743 votes, making him the closest rival.

    The Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC) officially confirmed Douye Diri’s victory, allowing him to serve a second term as the governor of Bayelsa State.

    Notable People

    This is not a comprehensive list of notable figures from Bayelsa State, but it highlights a few:

    • Diepreye Solomon Alamieyeseigha
      Born on November 16, 1952, he was a former executive governor of Bayelsa State, serving from May 29, 1999, to December 5, 2005.
    • Isaac Jasper Adaka Boro
      Born on September 10, 1938, he was a Nigerian soldier and is considered a national hero, despite his involvement in the Nigerian Civil War.
    • Dr. Goodluck Ebele Jonathan
      Born on November 20, 1957, he served as the governor of Bayelsa State and later became the President of Nigeria from 2010 to 2015.
    • Finidi George
      A professional Nigerian footballer and former coach, Finidi George was born on April 15, 1971, and hails from Bayelsa State.
    • Diezani Alison-Madueke
      Born on December 6, 1960, she is a Nigerian politician who served as the Minister of Petroleum Resources under the Goodluck Jonathan presidency.
    • Inetimi Odon (Timaya)
      Popularly known as Timaya, he was born on August 15, 1980, and is a renowned Nigerian Afrobeat musician.

    Most Frequently Asked Questions

    1. How many local governments are in Bayelsa State?

    • There are 8 local government areas in Bayelsa State, Nigeria.

    2. Who is the governor of Bayelsa State?

    • Douye Diri, the candidate of the PDP, is the current executive governor. Lawrence Ewhrudjakpo, also from the PDP, is the deputy governor.

    3. When was Bayelsa State created?

    • Bayelsa was established on October 1, 1996.

    4. Who created Bayelsa State?

    • General Sani Abacha, the then military Head of State, created the state.

    5. How can I travel to or within Bayelsa State?

    • The state is accessible by road via the Isaac Adaka Boro Road, which links Yenagoa to Rivers State, or via Patani Road through Delta State. Another option is the Bayelsa Cargo Airport, located on Wilberforce Island.
    • Within Bayelsa State, water transport is the most common mode of transportation, as many communities are surrounded by inland waterways.
    • If you are planning to visit the state, you can travel through Delta or Rivers State by road. Alternatively, you can fly into the Bayelsa Cargo Airport.
  • Bauchi State Overview: What You Need To Know Guide

    Bauchi is a state in Nigeria worth visiting if you want to experience both tourism and a rich cultural heritage.

    Located in the north eastern part of Nigeria, Bauchi is bordered by Jigawa to the north, Yobe to the northeast, Gombe to the east, Taraba and Plateau to the south, Kaduna to the west and Kano to the northwest.

    The state was created in 1976, and its capital city is also named Bauchi.

    What Location?

    Geographically, Bauchi is situated in north-eastern Nigeria, positioned between latitudes 9.8° N and 10.3° N, and longitudes 9.8° E and 10.2° E.

    It is bordered by Yobe to the north-side, Jigawa to the northwest, Kano to the west, Plateau to the south, and Gombe to the east.

    Also, the state lies between the West Sudanian Savannah in the south and the drier, semi-desert Sahelian savannah in the north, with a small area of the montane Jos Plateau in the southwest.

    Bauchi State State
    Capital: Bauchi
    bauchi state map nigeria
    Nickname: Pearl of Tourism

    Date of Creation:3 February 1
    LocationNorth East
    Executive Governor:Bala Mohammed
    Deputy Governor:Auwal Jatau
    Population:4.6 million as at 2006 Census
    Language:NA
    LGA:15
    Postal Code740001

    Land Area & Population

    The state covers an area of 45,893 square kilometers of total Nigeria land.

    According to the 2006 census, Bauchi’s population was 4,676,465. This makes it the fifth largest state in Nigeria.

    By 2022, the population is estimated to be 8,308,800. This results in a density of 260 people per square kilometer. Bauchi became the seventh largest state by population in 2022.

    Topography of The State

    Varying topography defines the Bauchi landscape, which includes valleys, lakes, rivers, mountains, and sandy terrain. For instance, in the southern part, there are several mountainous zones due to the extension of the Jos Plateau. While, the northern part of the state has a sandy topography. In addition, the Gongola and Jama’are rivers contribute significantly to shaping the state’s landscape. Notably, the Gongola River runs through three local government areas: Tafawa Balewa, Kirfi, and Alkaleri. Moreso, the river basin, where the Jama’are flows into its tributaries, supports agricultural activities in the surrounding plains.

    Bauchi Vegetation

    Bauchi has two vegetative zones: the Sudan savannah and the Sahel savannah. The Sudan savannah spreads across the southern axis. The plant life in this zone flourishes, especially those near water sources or riverbanks. Additionally, the vegetation tends to be uniform, with shorter grasses as you move toward the extreme south compared to those found in the mid-belt zone. Contrarily, the Sahel savannah features semi-arid plant life. As you travel from the south toward the northern part of the state, you will notice this savannah as you approach the middle of Bauchi. The Sahel savannah is characterized by isolated stands of thorny shrubs.

    Climate of Bauchi

    Bauchi has two climatic conditions: the rainy and dry seasons. The wet period lasts from May to October, totaling six months. The state experiences heavy rainfall between June and September, which is the peak period. On the other hand, the dry season also lasts for six months, starting from November and ending in April the following year. This period includes the harmattan season (from late November to early March), which brings very dry and dusty winds from the Sahara region.

    What are the average temperature levels in Bauchi State?

    In the hotter months, temperatures can be very high, especially during the day. April is the hottest month, with an average daily temperature of 95 degrees Fahrenheit. The cooler season starts from July  and ends on October, with the average daily high temperature below 85 degrees Fahrenheit for about eight weeks. However, January is the coldest month in Bauchi.

    Language

    The people of bauchi speak different languages. While English is the official language, there are over 25 spoken local dialects but the most commonly spoken language is Hausa. 

    How many LGA?

    There are 15 Local Government Areas in Bauchi State, Nigeria. Find the list below:

    Local Government Areas
    Alkaleri
    Bauchi
    Bogoro
    Darazo
    Dass
    Dukku
    Gamawa
    Ganjuwa
    Kirfi
    Misau
    Ningi
    Shira
    Tafawa Balewa
    Toro
    Zaki

    Occupation of The People

    In early days, agriculture was the major occupation in Bauchi State. The indigenes were primarily engaged in livestock farming (rearing cattle, goats, and sheep) and crop cultivation. Key agricultural products grown in the region include groundnuts, maize, millet, yam, sorghum, tomatoes, cotton, and beans. Advanced irrigation techniques have significantly better boosted agricultural activities.

    However, in modern times, occupations in Bauchi have diversified to include trade and commerce, as well as crafts and handicrafts. Some individuals work in the civil service, while others are self-employed as business people.

    Religion in The Land

    Bauchi State is predominantly Muslim, with Islam being the major religion practiced by most residents. There are also significant communities of Christians and individuals of traditional African religions. The southern parts of Bauchi State, such as Bogoro, Tafawa Balewa, and Shendam LGAs, have larger Christian populations. This may be due to the diverse ethnic and religious composition in these areas.

    If you are a Christian planning to relocate to Bauchi, these southern LGAs might be the best places to find a community of the same faith. Nevertheless, if you are Muslim, the northern and central regions, including Bauchi (the state capital), Darazo, Dukku, and others, are where you are more likely to find individuals of the same faith.

    Who Is The First Governor Of Bauchi State?

    Mohammed Bello Kaliel , the first governor that rule bauchi state

    Mohammed Bello Kaliel is the first governor of Bauchi State. He also hails from the state. Bello Kaliel joined the Nigerian Army (Nigeria Defense Forces) in 1967. Shortly after, in 1972, he became an instructor at the Nigerian Defence Academy (NDA) due to his vibrancy, communication skills, and public relations abilities, holding the position until 1974. In a short period (within two years), in 1976, Murtala Muhammad, the then Head of State, appointed Bello Kaliel as the first governor of the state after it was created.

    Since he was the first governor of Bauchi, and the state was newly created, there was no administrative structure in place. However, he called a team of experts from Maiduguri’s civil service to help form the new administration for the state. Moreover, as a man who valued transformation, he saw the need to improve the electricity and water supply systems of Bauchi, as both infrastructures were in poor condition when he took office.

    After leaving office in 1978, his career did not end there. Bello Kaliel also served as the Commander of the Brigade of Guards from 1981 to 1984 in Lagos, after holding other positions in the Nigerian military. He was once the Federal Minister of Water Resources under the government of Olusegun Obasanjo. His career remained robust up to 2005, when he served as a board member of All States Trust Bank PLC, before passing away in 2015. He left a positive impact on his generation.

    Who Is The Governor Of Bauchi State?

    Bala Abdulkadir Mohammed, governor of bauchi May 2019

    Bala Abdulkadir Mohammed is the current and sixteenth governor of Bauchi State. He took office on May 29, 2019, and is now serving his second term in office. Bala Mohammed was born on October 5, 1958. He attended Duguri Primary School and Government Secondary School in Bauchi in 1971 and 1976, respectively.

    Before obtaining his B.Sc. degree in Arts from the University of Maiduguri, he went to Northeast College, where he earned his A-level certificates. His early career began in the Federal Ministry of Internal Affairs, where he served as an administrative officer in 1994. He later worked in various civil service organizations, eventually rising to the position of director before resigning to join politics.

    Bala’s political career began as a senator, where he represented Bauchi South under the ANPP. In the Senate, he was one of the most active and outspoken members, which gave him an edge in holding various positions within the Senate. His influence also played a significant role in helping Goodluck Jonathan become the acting president as a result of the doctrine of necessity he initiated.

    In 2010, he became the FCT Minister, where he initiated many developments such as the sensitization of FCT land administration, road expansion, and the installation of solar-powered street traffic lights, among others. Despite being arrested and harassed on several occasions, Bala stood firm, asserting that the actions were politically motivated due to his role in the Doctrine of Necessity, and he never fled the country.

    Who Is The Deputy Governor Of Bauchi State?

    Auwal Jatau, deputy governor of bauchi state. may 29 2019

    Honorable Auwal Jatau is the current Deputy Governor of Bauchi State, having taken office on May 29, 2023. He is a well-educated individual. He attended the Polytechnic of Cross River State and obtained a Master’s degree in Business Administration from the University of Kensington. He is also a qualified accountant with over 30 years of experience. Additionally, he is a certified fellow in public accounting, with various professional certifications earned both in Nigeria and abroad.

    His political career began as the Speaker of the Bauchi House of Assembly Minority Leader. From 2003 to June 2011, he served as the State Deputy House Leader. In addition, before becoming the Deputy Governor, he co-organized agricultural training programs for 2,000 unemployed youths and 2,000 new farmers between 2003 and 2004. Jatau is an outstanding man with a vision for the development of human capacity and the growth of Nigeria’s economy, particularly in the agricultural sector.

    List of All Governors of Bauchi State

    Before democratic rule, presidents appointed governors as military administrators. On the other hand, under the current democratic system, citizens elect governors through a two-stage process. The list below includes both military and civilian governors of Bauchi State to date.

    NameStart TenureEnd TenureParty
    Mohammad B. KhalielMar 1976Jul 1978Military
    Garba DubaJul 1978Oct 1979Military
    Abubakar T. AliOct 1979Dec 1983NPN
    Mohammed S. SamiJan 1984Aug 1985Military
    Chris A. GarubaAug 1985Dec 1987Military
    Joshua MadakiDec 1987Aug 1990Military
    Abu AliAug 1990Jan 1992Military
    Dahiru MohammedJan 1992Nov 1993NRC
    James Kalau9 Dec 199314 Sep 1994Military
    Rasheed A. Raji14 Sep 199422 Aug 1996Military
    Theophilus Bamigboye22 Aug 1996Aug 1998Military
    Abdul MsheliaAug 1998May 1999Military
    Ahmad A. Mu’azu29 May 199929 May 2007PDP
    Isa Yuguda29 May 200729 May 2015ANPP
    Mohammed A. Abubakar29 May 201529 May 2019APC
    Bala Mohammed29 May 2019IncumbentPDP

    A brief History of Bauchi State

    Bauchi was initially under the control of the Fulani jihadis in the early 1800s. They established the Bauchi emirate under the Sokoto caliphate. In the 19th century, the British incorporate the territory as Bauchi Province. This area became part of the Northern Nigeria protectorates, which later formed British Nigeria before Nigeria gained independence in 1960.

    After independence, Bauchi was part of the northern region until 1967, when it became part of North Eastern State. On February 3, 1976, Bauchi State was officially established. Initially, it comprised 16 local government areas, which later increased to 20. In 1997, some areas were divided to create Gombe State.

    Bauchi has undergone several changes over the years. The Ajawa dialect, once spoken in the region, became extinct by 1940, leading to the adoption of Hausa. Notably, Sharia law was implemented in Bauchi State in June 2001.

    Tourism in Bauchi State

    Yankari Park is one of the most popular destinations for recreation and tourism in Bauchi. Every year, visitors from near and far come to the national park for wildlife viewing, relaxation, and exploration. The park boasts a variety of wildlife that delights families. When you visit Yankari Reserve, you can see these animals in their natural habitat:

    1. African buffalo
    2. African bush elephant
    3. African leopard
    4. Patas monkey
    5. Hippopotamus
    6. Roan antelope
    7. Waterbuck
    8. Western hartebeest
    9. West African lion

    Higher institutions in Bauchi State

    The federal government of Nigeria and the Bauchi State government have made it possible for residents to further their studies after secondary education by establishing universities, polytechnics, and colleges of education, both state and federally owned. These include:

    Institution NameTypeRemark
    Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University (ATBU)Federal UniversityLocated in Bauchi, offers undergraduate and postgraduate programs in engineering, technology, sciences, social sciences, and management sciences.
    Bauchi State University (BSU)State UniversityLocated in Gadau LGA, offers undergraduate and postgraduate degrees in various fields.
    Bauchi Federal PolytechnicFederal PolytechnicOffers courses in engineering, technology, and sciences.
    College of Education, Bauchi (COE)State CollegeSpecializes in teacher training and educational programs.

    Notable People

    The state of Bauchi has produced many notable individuals in diverse fields such as politics, education, and literature. Here are a few prominent figures:

    Abubakar Tafawa Balewa, born in December 1912, hailed from Bauchi. He graduated from the University of London and was a prominent Nigerian politician, particularly focused on Northern Nigeria. Remarkably, Balewa was the first and only Prime Minister of Nigeria, owing to his close ties with British colonial authorities.

    Another notable figure from Bauchi State is Mallam Sa’adu Zungur, born in 1914. Although he died in his 40s, he was an active and radical political player in the Northern region. A poet, jurist, revolutionary, and nationalist, he played a significant role in the Nigerian independence movement, particularly in the North. His writings often criticized British rule, marking him as an important figure among Northern political leaders. Ahmed Mahmud Sa’ad Zungur passed away on January 28, 1958.

    Jude Rabo, born on June 21, 1961, in Bogoro LGA, was one of Nigeria’s first professors. An academic in veterinary medicine, he served as the Vice Chancellor of the Federal University of Taraba State.

    Additionally, Mohammed Abdullahi Abubakar was the governor of Bauchi State from 2015 to 2019. Born on December 11, 1956, he is a notable Nigerian politician.

    Another prominent individual from Bauchi is Bala Abdulkadir Mohammed. Born on October 5, 1958, he graduated from the University of Maiduguri with a Bachelor of Arts degree. Before becoming governor in 2019, he served as the senator for Bauchi South from 2007 to 2010 and was a minister in the Federal Republic of Nigeria from 2010 to 2015.

    Remark:

    Since Bauchi State was created in 1976, it has been governed by both military and civilian leaders. The state’s population has continued to grow, with a notable increase between the 2006 census figures and the 2022 estimates. Although the people of Bauchi speak various languages, Hausa is the most widely spoken across the region.

    The state is divided into 15 Local Government Areas (LGAs), which help facilitate resource allocation. As previously mentioned, Bauchi’s landscape includes diverse vegetation types, varying topography, and distinct climate conditions across different zones, from the south to the north.

    In terms of education, Bauchi State University offers a variety of undergraduate courses. Additionally, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, a federal institution, provides more affordable tuition, making higher education accessible to more students.  

  • Anambra State: A Hub of History, Culture, and Commerce

    Anambra State: A Hub of History, Culture, and Commerce

    Creation

    Anambra, known as ‘the light of the nation,’ is a remarkable state in Nigeria. If you’re crossing the River Niger Bridge heading east, Anambra is one of the first states you’ll encounter before reaching other southeastern states.

    Anambra State was created on August 27, 1991, along with several other states in Nigeria. It shares borders with five states: Delta, Imo, Enugu, and Rivers.

    While Awka is the capital city, the largest city is Onitsha, followed by Nnewi, which is renowned as a commercial and industrial hub in West Africa. The name ‘Anambra’ is derived from the Omambala River, which flows through the state

    Location

    Anambra is in the eastern part of Nigeria. It lies between latitude 5°32’ and 6°45’ N, and longitude 6°43’ and 7°22’ E. The state shares borders with:

    1. Delta State to the west
    2. Imo and Rivers States to the south
    3. Enugu State to the east
    4. Kogi State to the north
    5. Abia State to the southeast
    Anambra State
    Capital: Akwa
    Map of Anambra state nigeria Nickname: Light of the Nation
    Date of Creation:August 27, 1991
    LocationSouth East
    Executive Governor:Charles Chukwuma Soludo
    Deputy Governor:Gilbert Onyekachukwu Ibezim
    Population:4.1 million as at 2006 Census
    Language:Igbo
    LGA:21
    Postal Code420001

    Topography

    Anambra’s topography is influenced by the states surrounding it. The terrain features lowlands, valleys, agricultural areas, and forests. Additionally, the Niger River, the largest water body in the region, serves as a major tributary to other regional rivers. This river also shapes the state’s landscape. A bridge connects the capital city of Delta State, Asaba, to Onitsha, providing a major route linking other southeastern states.

    Vegetation

    Vegetation in Anambra is found in both the northern and southern parts of the state. The north is characterized by open grasslands, with some areas containing hardwood trees and oil palms. In contrast, the south features rainforest vegetation, with dense trees and grasses due to high humidity throughout the year.

    Climate

    Anambra experiences two main climate conditions annually: tropical rain and dry savanna seasons. The state receives approximately 212.36 mm of precipitation annually. Rainfall lasts about 243 days, from April to October, with September being the peak.

    During the hot season, the average annual temperature is 28.99°C. This period is characterized by lower humidity and relatively cooler temperatures. The dry months run from November to March, with February being the driest month.

    Additionally, the northeastern trade wind, known as harmattan, brings a dry, dusty climate from November to March.

    Land Area & Population

    The state occupies a total land area of 4,844 square kilometers, ranking 35th out of the 36 states in Nigeria in terms of land area.

    The estimated population from the last census in 2006 was 4,177,821. An estimate for 2022 puts the growing population at 6,953,500, with a population density of 860 people per square kilometer.

    Language

    People from the region, native to the land, speak Igbo as their lingua franca. However, English is the officially accepted means of communication in public institutions, including both the private and government sectors.

    Religion

    Christianity is the most pronounced faith in Anambra. Traditional worshippers are distinct, with altars located in remote villages. The Basilica Cathedral in Onitsha GRA has the largest gathering of Catholic members in the town. The parish is part of the Archdiocese of Onitsha and includes other parishes across the city. The Anglican Cathedral (All Saints Cathedral), also located in GRA Onitsha, is where you will find the largest gathering of Anglicans in loyalty to Almighty God. There are also Pentecostal churches in Anambra State, including the Redeemed Christian Church of God, Assemblies of God Church, Christ Embassy, and House on the Rock.

    Occupation

    The people of Anambra State engage in various occupations, with agriculture being the primary one. They cultivate crops such as cassava, yam, maize, oil palm, and rice. In the riverine areas, many earn a living through fishing.

    Trade and commerce, particularly in goods and electronics, are also common among the people. Cities like Onitsha and Nnewi serve as central commercial hubs, where large-scale buying and selling take place, making them some of the busiest markets in West Africa.

    How many local governments 

    Anambra has 21 LGAs, each governed by elected chairpersons and councilors who serve three-year terms. Here is the list of the state’s administrative units.

    LGALGALGA
    1. Aguata11. Ihiala19. Orumba South
    2. Anambra East12. Njikoka20. Oyi
    3. Anambra West13. Nnewi North21. Nnokwa
    4. Awka North14. Nnewi South
    5. Awka South15. Ogbaru
    6. Ayamelum16. Onitsha North
    7. Dunukofia17. Onitsha South
    8. Ekwusigo18. Orumba North
    9. Idemili North
    10. Idemili South

    Who Was The First Governor Of Anambra State?

    John Kpera, The First Governor Of Anambra State

    Anambra has undergone different degrees of transformation under various governors, both military and civilian. However, notably, who was the first person to rule the state? After Anambra was separated from the East Central State, John Atom Kpera became the first governor of Anambra State as a military administrator. He was appointed during the Olusegun Obasanjo military regime and served until July 1978. John Kpera is from Gboko, a local government area in the current Benue State. He was born in January 1941. After completing secondary school, John joined the Nigerian military and later completed his military cadet course at the Haile Selassie Military Academy in Ethiopia in 1962.

    John Kpera had a distinguished career in the military, holding several important positions. Among these were serving as the Brigadier Commander of the Corps of Engineers and Regimental Commander, among others. He was also a military governor of Benue State, serving from 1984 to 1985. One of his notable achievements as governor was enforcing an initiative that encouraged people to clean their environment, with military supervisors overseeing the process. This initiative was later upheld by the governor who succeeded him.

    Who Is The Current Governor Of Anambra State? 

    Charles Chukwuma Soludo. current governor of Anambra state 2022

    Charles Chukwuma Soludo is the current governor of Anambra State. He is a banker, economist, and politician in Nigeria. Soludo was born on July 28, 1960, in Aguata, Anambra State, where he spent his early life. He graduated from Uga Boys’ College and obtained a first-class bachelor’s degree in Economics, followed by a master’s degree and a doctorate in the same field from the University of Nigeria, Nsukka. During his educational phases, he was celebrated as the best student of his time.

    Chukwuma Soludo started his career as a professor of Economics at Nsukka. As a scholar, he has had many affiliations with international institutions, including Oxford University and Cambridge University, among others. Being a trained economist, he has not only taught at prestigious universities abroad but also written many books bearing his name.

    Particularly, on May 29, 2004, he became the Governor of the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN), a position he held until May 29, 2009. During his tenure as CBN governor, Soludo implemented significant reforms that positively transformed the financial sector in Nigeria, ensuring that Nigerian banks had a solid financial foundation. Banks that failed to meet his policies were forced to exit the industry.

    A man of stature and insight, Soludo later ventured into politics with the aim of transforming Nigerian politics, as he had done with the financial sector. He first contested for the governorship of Anambra State in 2009 under the PDP (Peoples Democratic Party) but Lost to Peter Obi of the All Progressives Grand Alliance (APGA). In 2013, he left the PDP and joined APGA. In 2021, Soludo expressed interest in running for the governorship of Anambra once again. This aspiration became a reality when he won the Anambra gubernatorial election. He took office on March 17, 2022, as the 5th civilian governor of Anambra State.

    Who Is The Deputy Governor Of Anambra State?

    Gilbert Onyekachukwu Ibezim, deputy governor of Anambra state 2022

    Gilbert Onyekachukwu Ibezim is the current Deputy Governor of Anambra State. He was born on November 19, 1978, and is a medical doctor turned politician. Ibezim hails from Ovulu, a village in Mbaukwu, Anambra State. He is married and a Christian by faith. He is also the younger brother of Reverend Alexander Ibezim, the Archbishop of the Province of the Niger and the Bishop of the Awka Diocese. Gilbert attended Federal Government College Minna in Niger State and later obtained a BSc from the College of Medicine at Nnamdi Azikiwe University (UNIZIK), Nnewi Campus.

    Prior to becoming the Deputy Governor, Gilbert worked with the Nigerian Ministry of Defense as part of his early career. In politics, he served as a Special Adviser to Governor Willie Obiano on Traditional Medicine and Herbal Practices from 2018 to 2022. He was also a Special Adviser on Youth Empowerment from 2014 to 2017 during Obiano’s first tenure. The trained medical doctor is seen as a youth leader and spokesperson, and is expected to reach greater political heights in the future.

    List Of All Governors Of Anambra State  Till Presents

    This is a comprehensive list of the governors of Anambra State, including both military administrators and civilians:

    NameOffice PeriodParty
    John Atom KperaMar 1976 – Jul 1978Military
    (Governor)
    Col. Datti Sadiq AbubakarJul 1978 – Oct 1979Military
    (Governor)
    Jim NwobodoOct 1979 – Oct 1983NPP
    (Governor)
    Christian OnohOct 1983 – Dec 1983NPN
    (Governor)
    Allison MaduekeJan 1984 – Aug 1985Military
    (Governor)
    Samson OmeruahAug 1985 – Dec 1987Military
    (Governor)
    Robert AkonobiDec 1987 – Aug 1990Military
    (Governor)
    Herbert EzeAug 1990 – Jan 1992Military
    (Governor)
    Joseph Abulu27 Aug 1991 – Jan 1992Military
    (Administrator)
    Chukwuemeka Ezeife2 Jan 1992 – 17 Nov 1993SDP
    (Governor)
    Dabo AliyuNov 1993 – Dec 1993Police
    (Acting Admin.)
    Mike Attah9 Dec 1993 – 21 Aug 1996Military
    (Administrator)
    Rufai Garba21 Aug 1996 – 6 Aug 1998Military
    (Administrator)
    Emmanuel Ukaegbu6 Aug 1998 – 29 May 1999Military
    (Administrator)
    Chinwoke Mbadinuju29 May 1999 – 29 May 2003PDP
    (Governor)
    Chris Ngige29 May 2003 – 17 Mar 2006PDP
    (Governor)
    Peter Obi17 Mar 2006 – 3 Nov 2006APGA
    (Governor)
    Virginia Etiaba3 Nov 2006 – 9 Feb 2007APGA
    (Governor)
    Peter Obi9 Feb 2007 – 17 Mar 2014APGA
    (Governor)
    Willie Obiano17 Mar 2014 – 17 Mar 2022APGA
    (Governor)
    Charles Chukwuma Soludo17 Mar 2022 – PresentAPGA
    (Governor)

    Places of Tourist Attraction  In Anambra State

    Anambra boasts some of the best tourist destinations in Nigeria. Popular sites include the Ogbunike Caves, Owerre Ezukala, and Ogba Waterfalls. The Ogbunike Caves are the largest in West Africa and have been designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site. They hold great cultural significance for the local community, serving as a site for tradition and rituals.

    The Ogba Waterfall takes about two hours to reach the peak, making it one of the most impressive waterfalls in West Africa.

    Rojenny Village is another attraction, home to wild animals and ideal for relaxation. This tourist village features chimpanzees, baboons, alligators, and more. Additionally, there is a swimming pool and a children’s park for enjoyment.

    For those interested in archaeological, cultural, and traditional religious artifacts, the Odinani Nri Museum is a must-visit.

    Another notable tourist site is the Ikenga Virgin Forest, named for its untouched trees, which have never been harvested or planted in history.

    Other notable tourist areas include Agulu Lake, the Obi of Onitsha’s palace, and Eze Nri.

    Higher Institutions In Anambra

    The state is not only known for commerce and trade but also as a center for education. It has several universities, polytechnics, and colleges of education, offering higher learning and reflecting a high level of literacy in the state. One of the top universities in Nigeria, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, popularly referred to as UNIZIK, is located here. Let’s take a look at the various institutions in Anambra:

    NameTypeRemark
    Public Institutions
    Nnamdi Azikiwe University (UNIZIK), AwkaFederalModern Teaching Hospital in Nnewi, Facilities in Umunya and Ukpo, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences at Agulu, School of Preliminary Studies at Mbaukwu, College of Agriculture
    Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University, AwkaStateFormerly Anambra State University
    Polytechnics
    Federal Polytechnic, OkoFederal
    Anambra State Polytechnic, MgbakwuStateFormerly Anambra State College of Agriculture
    Colleges
    Federal College of Education (Technical), UmunzeFederal
    Nwafor Orizu University of Education, NsugbeStateFormerly Nwafor Orizu College of Education
    Private Institutions
    Paul University, AwkaPrivate
    Madonna University, OkijaPrivateFirst Catholic university in Nigeria
    Tansian University, UmunyaPrivate
    Legacy University, OkijaPrivate
    St. Peter’s University, AchinaPrivate
    University of America College of Science and TechnologyPrivate
    Polytechnics
    Grundtvig Polytechnic, ObaPrivate
    Buckingham Academy of Management and Technology, OgidiPrivate
    Colleges
    Onit College of Education, MbaukwuPrivate
    UA College of Science & Technology, IsuofiaPrivate

    Popular People from Anambra

    Dr. Nnamdi Azikiwe was a prominent Nigerian politician. He was born on November 16, 1904, in Zungeru. He was an active statesman during the struggle for Nigerian independence from British rule. Nnamdi Azikiwe served as the first President of Nigeria from 1963 to 1966. His influence on Nigeria’s freedom and his love for his country will be remembered throughout history.

    Another renowned figure is Dr. Alex Ekwueme. He was born on October 22, 1932, and hailed from Orumba North Local Government Area of Anambra State. He was a politician, architect, and businessman, becoming the first executive vice president of Nigeria from 1979 to 1983.

    Chukwuemeka “Emeka” Odumegwu Ojukwu, the leader of the Biafran secessionist group, was also from Anambra. He was born on November 4, 1933, and died on November 26, 2011. A native of Nnewi, Ojukwu was a military officer and politician. He served as the military governor of the Eastern Region and later declared the independent state of Biafra. During the Nigerian Civil War, he was the president of the Republic of Biafra from 1967 to 1970.

    Additionally, Dora Akunyili was born on July 14, 1954, in Aguata Local Government Area, Anambra. She was the former director-general of the National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control (NAFDAC), serving from 2001 to 2008. She passed away on June 7, 2014.

    Moreover, Prof. Charles Chukwuma Soludo is from Anambra State. He was born on July 28, 1960, in Aguata Local Government Area. An economist and banker, he previously served as the governor of the Central Bank of Nigeria from May 4, 2004, to May 29, 2009. He was elected governor of Anambra on March 17, 2022.

    Furthermore, Peter Gregory Obi was born on July 19, 1961. He hails from Anaocha Local Government Area. A Nigerian businessman, politician, and philanthropist, he served as the governor of Anambra State and was the Labour Party’s presidential candidate in 2023. He was a close rival to Bola Ahmed Tinubu, who was declared the winner of the Nigerian presidential election in 2023

    Hints

    Anambra State, Nigeria, lies in the eastern part of the country. It was created on 27th August 1991 and has 21 local government areas. The state’s topography and vegetation support agriculture. As of 2022, its population is about 6.6 million. The indigenes speak the Igbo dialect and are predominantly Christian. Farming thrives in rural areas, while cities like Onitsha, Nnewi, and Awka have many businesspeople.

    Anambra is also a tourist destination, attracting visitors to its historical caves. The state has produced many notable figures, including the late Nnamdi Azikiwe, Nigeria’s first president. Peter Obi, a 2023 Labour Party presidential candidate advocating change, hails from Anambra. Though there are wealthy individuals from the region, no confirmed source has identified the richest person in Anambra today.

  • Akwa Ibom State Overview: A Complete Understanding & Insight

    Akwa Ibom State Overview: A Complete Understanding & Insight

    The beautiful land of Akwa Ibom state was created in 1987. The state was carved out of Cross River State, and its capital is Uyo, where the state administration is headquartered. The name “Akwa Ibom” originate from the Qua Iboe River, which flows into the Bight of Bonny. This South-South state shares borders with Cross River State, Rivers State, Imo State, and Abia State. It also has a coastline along the Atlantic Ocean, which allows access through waterways and promotes fishing activities.

    What location?

    Akwa Ibom is situated in the southeastern region of Nigeria. It is bordered by:

    • The Atlantic Ocean to the south
    • Cross River State to the east
    • Abia and Imo States to the north

    On the map, the state is approximately located at latitude 5.0000° N and longitude 7.0000° E.

    Geographical Features

    The state is strategically located at the intersection of the Central African Mangrove and the Niger Transition Forest. Significantly, the Imo River flows along the eastern border of the state, while the Cross River demarcates the western border of Akwa Ibom. The Kwa Ibo River is a major water body that runs through the interior of the state, emptying into its tributary, the Bight of Bonny.

    Another important geographical feature is a forest reserve in the southeastern part of the state. This reserve contains notable wildlife, including the African leopard, a unique monkey species, crocodiles, and chimpanzees of the Nigeria–Cameroon origin, among others.

    Akwa Ibom State
    Capital: Uyo
    akwa ibom state map Nickname: Land of Promise
    Date of Creation:23 September 1987
    LocationSouth East
    Executive Governor:Pastor Umo Eno
    Deputy Governor:Akon Eyakenyi
    Population:5.5 million as at 2006 Census
    Language:Ibibio, Efik, Annang and others
    LGA:31
    Postal CodeNA

    Climate: Dry & Wet Season

    The region experiences warm temperatures throughout the year, accompanied by significant rainfall. There are two seasons: the dry season and the rainy season. The dry season spans from November to February, characterized by lower humidity (with an average of 80%) and reduced precipitation. The rainy season has two phases: light rains from March to October and heavier rainfall from June to September. The abundant rain promotes crop growth and supports fish farming, making fresh fish relatively cheap and affordable compared to northern states. Overall, Akwa Ibom has shorter dry months (about 52 days) and longer rainy periods.

    Population Size

    The population might have increased since, but it was estimated to be 5.5 million according to the last census held in 2016. The state ranks 30th in land area (2,734 sq mi) and 15th largest in population among the 36 states in the Nigerian federation.

    Language of The People

    English is the official language used in public, governmental, and educational sectors in Akwa Ibom State. However, Ibibio is the primary language spoken, with Efik and Annang also widely used. Although other ethnic groups reside in the state, there are up to 30 local dialects spoken across the “Land of Promise” (the state’s slogan). The languages spoken in Akwa Ibom are more than 20 and include Anaang, Ebughu, Efai, Efik, Ekit, Enwang, Etebi, Ibibio, Ibino (Ibọnọ), Ibuoro, Idere, Igbo, Ika, Iko, Ilue, Itu Mbon Uso, Iwerre, Nkari, Obolo (Andoni), Okobo, Oro, and Uda.

    Occupation of  The People

    Akwa Ibom is a major crude oil-producing state. It leads in oil production among the states in Nigeria. Due to the oil industry and the state’s terrain, farming activities are relatively low, but the people still cultivate crops such as yam, cocoyam, and plantain. Fishing and snail farming (heliculture) are also common occupations in the state.

    Religion of The Area

    The people of Akwa Ibom are predominantly Christian, with the majority being either Catholic or Anglican (Orthodox Churches). For example, the population of the Catholic diocese in Uyo, the capital, was counted to be 976,971 as of 2020, with several parishes under the care of notable bishops. Renowned Pentecostal churches in the region include Christ Embassy (also known as LoveWorld), Deeper Life Bible Church, and Assemblies of God Church.

    How Many Local Government Areas?

    Since its creation, Akwa Ibom has had 31 Local Government Areas. Below is a list of LGA’s:

    LGALGALGA
    AbakIkaOnna
    Eastern OboloIkonoOron
    EketIkot AbasiOruk Anam
    Esit-EketIkot EkpeneUkanafun
    Essien UdimIniUdung-Uko
    Etim-EkpoItuUruan
    EtinanMboUrue-Offong/Oruko
    IbenoMkpat-EninUyo
    Ibesikpo-AsutanNsit-Atai
    Ibiono-IbomNsit-Ibom
    Nsit-Ubium
    Obot-Akara
    Okobo

    List of all Governors of Akwaibom State

    NameTook OfficeLeft OfficeTitle
    Tunde Ogbeha28 Sept. 198730 July 1988Admin.
    Godwin Abbe31 July 19885 Sept. 1990Admin.
    Idongesit Nkanga5 Sept. 19902 Jan. 1992Admin.
    Akpan Isemin2 Jan. 199218 Nov. 1993Governor
    Yakubu Bako15 Dec. 199321 Aug. 1996Admin.
    Joseph Adeusi21 Aug. 19969 Aug. 1998Admin.
    John Ebiye9 Aug, 199829 May 1999Admin.
    Victor Attah29 May 199929 May 2007Governor
    Godswill Akpabio29 May 200729 May 2015Governor
    Udom G. Emmanuel29 May 201529 May 2023Governor
    Umo Bassey Eno29 May 2023IncumbentGovernor

    Who Was the First Governor of Akwa Ibom State?

    Jonathan Tunde Ogbeha, The First Governor of Akwa Ibom State

    After the establishment of Akwa Ibom State, Jonathan Tunde Ogbeha became the first governor of the state. He took office on September 28, 1987, and left office on July 30, 1988. He wasn’t elected but was appointed as a military governor (administrator) by General Ibrahim Babangida.

    Jonathan Tunde Ogbeha was born in Lokoja, the capital city of Kogi State, which is his state of origin. He obtained his Senior School Certificate in Kogi State, then proceeded to the Nigerian Military School located in Zaria. He further obtained a diploma from the Nigerian Defence Academy (NDA) in 1970 and also studied at the National Institute for Policy and Strategic Studies (NIPSS), Kuru.

    In the military, he attained the rank of colonel. Jonathan Ogbeha is known to have played an active role in the coups of both Major-General Muhammadu Buhari in 1983 and General Ibrahim Babangida in 1985.

    Who Is the Current Governor of Akwa Ibom State?

    Umo Bassey Eno, the current Governor of Akwa Ibom State 2023

    The current governor of Akwa Ibom State is Umo Bassey Eno of the People’s Democratic Party (PDP), who assumed office in 2023. He is a pastor and a Nigerian politician. Eno is the Senior Pastor of All Nations Christian Ministry International. He was born on 24th April 1964 and hails from Nsit-Ubium Local Government Area.

    Educationally, he holds a BSc in Public Administration and a Master’s degree in Public Administration from the University of Uyo. After graduating, he worked at several organizations, including in the banking sector, before serving as the Commissioner for Lands and Water Resources in Akwa Ibom State in 2021. He resigned from this position in 2022 to contest the governorship election under the PDP, which he won.

    Who Is the Current Deputy Governor of Akwa Ibom State?

    Akon Etim Eyakeny, The Deputy Governor of Akwa Ibom State 2023

    Akon Etim Eyakenyi, who ran alongside Umo Eno, is the Deputy Governor of Akwa Ibom State. She is the second female Deputy Governor of Akwa Ibom after Valerie Ebe, who left office in 2023.

    Akon Etim Eyakenyi was born in 1960. After completing her secondary education, she obtained a Teacher Grade II Certificate from the Oron Methodist Teachers’ Training College in 1979. She also earned a National Certificate in Education (NCE) and a Bachelor’s degree in Education from the University of Calabar (UNICAL). Additionally, she holds a Master’s degree and a Doctorate in Philosophy.

    Her educational achievements paved the way for her success in Nigerian politics. In 2019, she represented Akwa Ibom South Senatorial District in the Senate. During the administration of President Goodluck Jonathan, she served as the Minister of Lands, Housing, and Urban Development. On May 29, 2023, she assumed office as the Deputy Governor of Akwa Ibom State.

    A Breif History Of The State

    In pre-colonial times, the land that is now Akwa Ibom State was divided into city-states such as Ibom Kingdom and Akwa Akpa (in 1894, Akwa Akpa was incorporated into the British Protectorate, forming part of the Oil Rivers Protectorate). There was no centralized government; instead, each clan was ruled by a king.

    Although missionaries settled in Calabar and Ibono between 1848 and 1887, the British government did not exert authority over the region until 1904, when they formed the Enyong Division, which merged what is now Akwa Ibom with the Annang-speaking people of Ikot Ekpene. Toward the southeast, a significant number of Igbo people dominated the area. However, the formation of Enyong helped promote unity among the various ethnic groups, leading to the establishment of the Ibibio Welfare Union, later renamed the Ibibio State Union. The union aimed to promote local development and advocate for the inclusion of educated Africans, who were excluded by the British colonial administration.

    After Nigeria gained independence in 1960, Akwa Ibom, which was part of the Eastern Region, became part of the South-Eastern State in 1967, following the split of the Eastern Region. Shortly after the split, the Igbo-majority eastern region attempted to secede as the state of Biafra, leading to the three-year Nigerian Civil War. During the war, Akwa Ibom land was a contested area, and the people of Akwa Ibom were mistreated by Biafran soldiers as they were not considered part of the Igbo ethnic group. After the war, efforts were made to reunify Nigeria, and the South-Eastern State was restructured before the creation of Cross River State in 1976.

    One decade later, during the military regime of Ibrahim Babangida, Cross River State was split on September 23, 1987, leading to the creation of the present-day Akwa Ibom State

    Higher Institutions

    For those interested in continuing their education, there are many higher institutions in Akwa Ibom State, including colleges of education, polytechnics, and universities. These institutions are located across different areas and are easily accessible to aspiring students. Here’s a glance at some of them:

    Institution NameLocationTypeTop Courses Offered / Remarks
    Foundation College of TechnologyIkot EkpenePrivateOffers engineering, management, and science courses
    Maritime Academy of NigeriaOronFederalOffers nautical sciences, marine engineering, electrical/electronic engineering, and maritime transport
    Akwa Ibom State PolytechnicIkot OsuruaStateOffers civil engineering, computer engineering, computer science, business administration, banking and finance, building technology, statistics, and more
    Federal PolytechnicUkanaFederalProvides polytechnic education
    Heritage PolytechnicEketPrivateKnown for diverse programs
    Akwa Ibom State UniversityOruk Anam LGA and Mkpat Enin LGAStateOffers agricultural sciences, English, philosophy, performing arts, accounting, political science, sociology, and more
    University of UyoUyoFederalOffers law, engineering, medicine, surgery, pharmacy, computing, and educational courses
    Ritman UniversityIkot EkpenePrivateOffers mass communication, biochemistry, cybersecurity, computer science, history and international studies, economics, and more
    Obong UniversityObong NtakPrivateOffers accounting, business administration, English language, Christian religion, biochemistry, and computer science

    Means of Transportation

    If you plan to visit Akwa Ibom, understanding the available transportation options is essential. Travelers can reach Akwa Ibom by road or air. From northern or western Nigeria, you can use the federal highway via Aba, Abia State, connecting Uyo to Oron. Visitors from Cross River State can access Akwa Ibom using the Ikot Ekpene-Calabar road. For a faster alternative, air transport is available through Victor Attah International Airport. Established in 2009, this airport is 24 kilometers south of Uyo and serves Lagos and Abuja.

    Most Frequently Asked Questions

    1. When Was Akwa Ibom State Created? The state was created on September 23, 1987, from the former Cross River State.

    2. Who Created Akwa Ibom State? General Ibrahim Babangida created Akwa Ibom State during his military rule.

    3. How Many Local Government Areas Are in Akwa Ibom State? The state is currently divided into 31 local government areas, each with its administrative chairman.

    4. How Many Villages Are in Akwa Ibom State? Akwa Ibom State has over 1,000 villages, but no valid source provides an exact number.

    See also:

    List of Akwa ibom areas postal codes

  • Adamawa State Overview

    Adamawa State Overview

    Adamawa State was created in 1991 August 27th during the military regime of Ibrahim Babangida, following the division of the former Gongola State into Adamawa and Taraba. The state capital is Yola, where the governor oversees state affairs.

    Origin of the Name Adamawa

    The name Adamawa originates from Modibo Adama, the son of Ardo Hassan. Modibo Adama was a Fulani leader who led a jihad in the Upper Benue region in the 19th century.

    Location

    Adamawa is located in northeastern Nigeria and shares borders with:

    • Northwest: Borno State
    • West: Gombe State
    • Southwest: Taraba State
    • East: Cameroon (international border)

    Its geographical coordinates are approximately Latitude 9.3265° N and Longitude 12.3984° E.

    Land Area & Population

    Adamawa covers a land area of 36,917 km², making it the eighth-largest state in Nigeria by size. According to the 2006 census, the population was 3,178,950. By 2022, the estimated population had risen to 4,902,100.

    Adamawa State
    Capital: Yola
    Adamawa state_Nigeria map Nickname: Land of Beauty
    Date of Creation:27 August 1991
    LocationNorth East
    Executive Governor:Ahmadu Umaru Fintiri
    Deputy Governor:Kaletapwa Farauta
    Population:3.1 million as at 2006 Census
    Language:Fulfulde, Hausa and Others
    LGA:21
    Postal Code640001

    Topography

    Adamawa State is characterized by highlands, rivers, and valleys. Major rivers include the Benue and Gongola rivers. The state also features notable mountain ranges such as the Mandara, Atlantika, and Shebshi mountains, and the Adamawa Plateau. These highlands shape the state’s landscape, which also borders the Mandara Mountains to the east, along the Nigeria-Cameroon border.

    Vegetation

    Due to the climate in the region, the state features diverse vegetation, including savanna flora characterized by grasses with scattered trees. Particularly, the southern parts are dominated by denser tree growth. In river areas and wetlands, you will find lush vegetation, including trees and grasses that can withstand wetter conditions. The agricultural land in the southern and central parts is also an important vegetative zone, receiving ample rainfall that helps boost crop yields.

    Climate

    Adamawa has a tropical climate divided into dry and rainy seasons. The wet period starts towards the end of April and extends through October, with October being the month with the heaviest rainfall, averaging 1,200 to 1,500 mm. Notably, August and September are the wettest months in the state. The dry season lasts from November to April of the following year and is marked by lower temperatures and harmattan dust carried by winds from the Sahara Desert. During this period, temperatures typically exceed 85 degrees Fahrenheit, while the wet season brings cooler temperatures. The state’s temperature varies from place to place and supports agricultural activities.

    Languages

    Adamawa State is home to a diverse population where up to 58 languages are spoken. The most commonly spoken languages are Fulfulde, Hausa, and English, which are used for communication across the state.

    How many local government areas?

    Adamawa State currently has 21 Local Government Areas (LGAs). Below is a list of these LGAs along with the primary dialects spoken in each:

    LGALanguages
    DemsaBata, Bali, Bille, Wakka, Mbula-Bwazza
    FuforeFulfulde, Bata
    GanyeFulfulde, Peere, Chamba Daka
    GireiFulfulde, Bata, Tambo
    GombiBura-Pabir, Ga’anda, Hwana, Lala-Roba, Ngwaba
    GuyukLonguda
    HongKilba, Marghi
    JadaFulfulde, Chamba, Koma
    LamurdeKwa, Bacama
    MadagaliMarghi, Mafa, Sukur
    MaihaNzanyi
    Mayo-BelwaFulfulde, Yangdang, Wakka
    MichikaKamwe
    Mubi NorthFali
    Mubi SouthGude, Mafa
    NumanBachama, Waaja, Kaan
    ShellengKanakuru
    SongMboi, Yungur
    ToungoChamba
    Yola NorthLakka
    Yola SouthFulfulde, Vere

    Occupation and Economy

    Adamawa is blessed with mineral resources such as limestone, kaolin, and tantalite, although these resources remain largely untapped. The state’s economy is primarily reliant on agriculture and livestock farming. Farmers in Adamawa cultivate crops like cassava, yams, millet, groundnuts, guinea corn, and cotton. The Fulani people are known for nomadic livestock farming (herding cattle and other livestock).

    Adamawa’s GDP is estimated at 2.66 trillion naira, making it the eighth largest economy among Nigeria’s 36 states. However, it is the least developed economy in the northeast region. The state’s economic growth depends on agricultural activities and federal allocations.

    Religion

    The people of Adamawa State practice diverse religions. Statistics show that approximately 50% of the population are Sunni Muslims, 40% are Christians, and 10% practice traditional religions. People are free to worship according to their beliefs.

    A List of All Adamawa Governors & Deputy (1992 – Present)

    GovernorYear in OfficeParty
    Abubakar Saleh Michika2 Jan. 1992 – 17 Nov. 1993
    Gregory Agboneni9 Dec. 1993 – 14 Sept. 1994Military Regime
    Yohanna Madaki14 Sept. 1994 – 22 Aug. 1996Military Regime
    Joe Kalu-Igboama22 Aug. 1996 – Aug. 1998Military Regime
    Ahmadu HussainiAug. 1998 – 29 May 1999Military Regime
    Boni Haruna29 May 1999 – 29 May 2007PDP
    Murtala Nyako29 May 2007 – 26 Feb. 2008PDP
    James Shaibu Barka (Acting)26 Feb. 2008 – 29 April 2008PDP
    Murtala Nyako29 April 2008 – 29 Jan. 2012PDP
    Ahmadu Umaru Fintiri (Acting)29 Jan. 2012 – March 2012PDP
    Murtala NyakoMarch 2012 – 15 July 2014 PDP
    Ahmadu Umaru Fintiri (Acting)15 July 2014 – 8 Oct. 2014PDP
    Bala James Ngilari8 Oct. 2014 – 29 May 2015PDP
    Bindo Jibrilla29 May 2015 – 29 May 2019APC
    Ahmadu Umaru Fintiri29 May 2019 – IncumbentPDP

    Adamawa State Election Results (2019 – Present)

    In 2019, the candidate of the PDP, Ahmadu Umaru Fintiri, won with a vote of 376,663 against the closest rival, Bindo Jibrilla (APC), who got 336,386.

    In 2023, Ahmadu Umaru Fintiri under the same party was re-elected with 430,861 votes, defeating the APC opponent, Aisha Binani, who secured a total of 398,788 votes.

    Higher Institutions In Adamawa State  

    The state has universities, polytechnics, and colleges of education. Some of the institutions are established by the federal and state governments, while others are privately owned. Below is a list of tertiary education institutions in the state:

    • Adamawa State Polytechnic (ASP), Yola
    • Adamawa State University (ASU)
    • American University of Nigeria, (AUN) Yola
    • Federal College of Education, (FCE) Yola
    • Federal Polytechnic, Mubi
    • Modibbo Adama University, Yola

    Notable People From Adamawa State

    The first democratic Vice President of Nigeria, Atiku Abubakar, is a renowned politician and businessman who hails from the state.

    Additionally, Aisha Buhari, the First Lady of Nigeria from 2015 to 2023, is another prominent figure from the area. Aisha was born on February 17, 1971, and is the wife of former President Muhammadu Buhari.

    Another notable individual is the late Alex Badeh, who served as Nigeria’s Chief of Defense Staff from January 21, 2014, to July 21, 2015. He also held the position of Chief of the Air Staff from 2012 to 2014.

    Muhammadu Ribadu is another distinguished son of Adamawa. He was a political figure and the first person to serve as Minister of Defense in Nigeria after the country gained independence, holding office from 1960 to 1965. He was born in 1906 and died on May 1, 1965.

    The list of notable individuals is extensive; Adamawa has produced political leaders who have held significant governmental positions in the affairs of the federation..

    Take Home

    Adamawa State is home to over one hundred ethnic groups, making it one of the most ethnically diverse states in Nigeria. The northeastern state is characterized by highlands, valleys, and rivers. Notable geographical features include the Atlantika and Mandara Mountains, while the Gongola River is the most prominent river in the state.

    An interesting place to visit in Adamawa is the Gashaka-Gumti National Park, where you can observe a variety of wildlife such as the African buffalo, bushbuck, hippopotamus, patas monkey, black-and-white colobus monkey, and giant pangolin. The park is also home to species like the African golden cat, African leopard, and chimpanzee. Visiting Adamawa to explore these natural attractions would make for an exciting experience.

    Before the creation of Adamawa State, various ethnic groups had long settled in the area. These include the Bwataye, Gbwata, Bali, Mbula-Bwazza, and Gudu people, who lived in the central region. The Kamwe groups inhabited the north and central regions, while the Mumuye lived in the south. The Jibu ethnic group settled in the extreme southern areas, and the Mafa, Kilba, Waga, and Marghi groups lived in the north. The Fulani people, known for their nomadic herding, are spread throughout the state.

    Most notably, during the Adamawa wars, the Adamawa Caliphate, established by the Fulani Jihad in the 1800s, ceased to exist after being divided between the British and German empires. The areas controlled by the British became part of the Northern Nigerian Protectorate and were later incorporated into British Nigeria. In 1991, Adamawa became an independent state

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