Edo State has undergone various transitions, from its time as part of the Mid-Western Region to becoming Bendel State. And eventually evolving into the current Edo State, which this piece focuses on.
In this section, you will learn about the state’s history, location, topography, population, climate, language, local government areas, governors, higher institutions, and more. These elements contribute to the rich cultural and social fabric of Edo State.
When Was Edo State Created?
The area now known as Edo State was originally part of Bendel State until August 27, 1991, when the administration of General Ibrahim Babangida created new states, leading to the formation of Edo and Delta States. This restructuring marked a significant change in the region’s history, retiring the name “Bendel” to historical references.
Benin City which is the state capital and largest city of Edo is also the fourth largest city in Nigeria. Edo State boasts a rich cultural heritage, with the Benin Kingdom being a prominent feature of its history.
The British invasion of 1897 had a profound impact on the region, as they looted several Benin artifacts and crafts. Although some of these artifacts were returned to Nigeria in 2019, many remain in museums and private collections worldwide.
![]() Nickname: HeartBeat Of The Nation |
|
Date of Creation: | 27 Aug. 1991 |
Location | South South |
Executive Governor: | Monday Okpebholo |
Deputy Governor: | Dennis Idahosa |
Population: | 3.2 million as at 2006 Census |
Language: | Edo (Bini), Esan, Ebira, and others |
LGA: | 18 |
Postal Code | 300001 |
Where Is Edo State in Nigeria?
Edo State is located in South-South Nigeria. It shares borders with four states:
- Anambra to the east, about 4 km from the Niger River.
- Delta State to the southeast, approximately 350 km away.
- Ondo State to the west.
- Kogi State to the north is situated about 133 km across the Niger River and 81 km northeast of Edo.
The state is situated at latitude 6°30′ N and longitude 6°00′ E.
Topography of the Area
Edo State features a varied topography, including lowlands, hills, and rivers. The central and southern regions consist mainly of lowland areas, which are ideal for agricultural activities. The northern region is hillier, with elevations exceeding 300 meters above sea level. Residents in these areas often climb hills daily to carry out their activities. The state also has several bodies of water, including small rivers in the lowland areas, with the Niger River being the largest in the eastern part of the state.
Vegetation in Edo
Edo State has a mix of vegetation zones. The southern region is primarily covered by tropical rain-forest, featuring dense trees such as teak and mahogany, alongside a variety of plant species. Constantly, the northern region of the state is dominated by derived Savannah, which is characterized by more grasses and fewer trees. This zone is more suitable for farming due to its fertile soil, in contrast to the tropical rain forest region.
What Is the Land Area of Edo State?
Edo State covers a total land area of 19,559 square kilometers (7,552 square miles) of Nigeria’s overall landmass. It ranks as the 22nd largest state out of the 36 states in Nigeria.
Population of the State
According to the 2006 census, Edo State had a population of 3,233,366. Projections in 2016 estimated the population at 4,235,595, with a population density of 181 persons per square kilometer. By 2022, the population was estimated to be approximately 4,777,000, making it the 10th most populous state in Nigeria. These figures show that the population of Edo State is growing, and further increases are anticipated. This growth calls for the Edo State government to implement economic policies that will accommodate the rising population and enhance infrastructure.
Climate of the State
Edo State experiences two distinct seasons: the rainy season and the dry season. The rainy season lasts from April to October, with the heaviest rainfall occurring in July. The state receives an average annual rainfall of up to 200 cm, resulting in high humidity during the wet months. The dry season, from November to March, has low humidity and little to no rainfall. Temperatures typically range between 20°C and 30°C. The Harmattan season, characterized by cooler weather, occurs during December and January.
Occupation of the People
Agriculture is the primary occupation of the people in Edo State, with major activities including crop farming, livestock rearing, and the collection of forestry products. In rural areas, especially in Edo North (including Auchi), large-scale cultivation of cassava and yam is common. The region’s climate also supports maize cultivation. In Ekpoma (Esan West), residents grow similar crops, along with rice farming in the lowland and plateau areas. Rice is particularly cultivated in Agenebode and Illushi, near the floodplains of the Niger River.
How Many Languages Are Spoken in Edo State?
Edo State is home to over 15 languages, reflecting its diverse ethnic groups, which include the Edo (Bini), Akoko, Esan, Igala, and Afemai people. Each of these ethnic groups has its own dialects. The major languages spoken in the state are Edo (Bini), which is used in over six Local Government Areas, Esan, Ebira, and Okpamheri. Additionally, the Itsekiri people in Ikpoba-Okha, as well as many Urhobo and Ijaw (Izon) speakers in Ovia North-East and Esan South-East LGAs, contribute to the state’s dialect diversity. The Ika-speaking community is also present, particularly in Orhionmwon LGA.
How Many Local Governments Are in Edo State?
Edo State is composed of 18 Local Government Areas (LGAs), which have existed since the state was created in 1991. There is potential for more LGAs to be formed in the future.
Akoko-Edo | Oredo |
Egor | Orhionmwon |
Esan Central | Ovia North-East |
Esan North-East | Ovia South-West |
Esan South-East | Owan East |
Esan West | Owan West |
Etsako Central | Uhunmwonde |
Etsako East | |
Etsako West | |
Igueben | |
Ikpoba-Okha |
Religion of the People
Edo State is religiously diverse. The majority of the population practices Christianity, while others follow Islam or traditional African religions, worshipping ancestral gods or idols. The state’s rich cultural and religious variety means that people of different faiths coexist harmoniously.
Various Cultures in Edo State
Edo State is known for its rich cultural heritage, which is reflected in its different festivals and traditions. One of the most important festivals is the Ighele Festival, celebrated every June by the Ewu people in Ishan to honor and appease their ancestors. Another notable festival is the Oriminyan Festival, held by the people of Oguta-Evbiame in the Emai clan. This festival, also known as the Festival of Peace, spans a period of three months.
These cultural celebrations are marked by traditional dance performances, including masquerade bands and other prominent cultural groups. The Esan people have a vibrant cultural identity that highlights craftsmanship, storytelling, traditional attire, music, and dance. Festivals such as Ugie Erha, Igbabonelimhin, and others play a significant role in maintaining this cultural richness. Additionally, the Ebomisi Festival, which is typically celebrated in Benin City, serves as another example of Edo State’s diverse cultural heritage.
Who Was the First Governor of Edo State?
Dennis Chukude Osadebay was the first premier to govern the region that now includes Edo State. He oversaw the affairs of the Mid-Western Region, which at the time comprised what are today Edo and Delta States. Osadebay served as premier from 1964 to 1966. Born on June 29, 1911, in Asaba—now the capital of Delta State—he had a distinguished career marked by his contributions to law, politics, and literature.
Osadebay received his early education in Asaba and Calabar. After completing his secondary education, he attended the Hope Waddell Institute. He later pursued legal studies in England, where he also began his literary journey.
An accomplished lawyer, politician, and poet, Osadebay was among the first Nigerian writers to publish poetry in English. His initial works were written during his time as a law student in England, with some featured in the West African Pilot newspaper and other publications. Upon completing his legal studies, he returned to Nigeria and established a law practice in Aba. Leveraging his legal expertise, he served as the legal adviser to the National Council of Nigeria and the Cameroons (NCNC).
In addition to his legal and literary achievements, Osadebay played a pivotal role in Nigerian politics. He was the first Senate President of Nigeria, holding the position from October 1, 1960, to 1963, before becoming the premier of the Mid-Western Region.
Osadebay was not only a statesman but also a passionate advocate for justice. Through his writings, he expressed personal views, championed political transparency, and exposed the injustices faced by Africans under colonial rule. His legacy as a lawyer, poet, and leader remains an enduring inspiration.
However, after Edo State was created in 1991, John Ewerekumoh Yeri became the first military administrator, serving from August 27, 1991, to January 1992. The first civilian governor of the state was John Odigie-Oyegun, who served from 1992 to 1993 before the military regime of General Sani Abacha took over.
Who Is the Current Governor of Edo State?
Monday Okpebholo is the current governor of Edo State, having succeeded Godwin Obaseki on November 24, 2024. He is the 38th person to govern the state.
About Monday Okpebholo
Born on August 29, 1970, in Irrua, Esan Central Local Government Area, Edo State, Monday Okpebholo is both a businessman and a politician. He began his education in Udomi and Ujabhole community schools in Irrua before completing his secondary education in Jos, Plateau State.
After obtaining his Senior Secondary Certificate Examination (SSCE), he gained admission to the University of Abuja, where he earned a B.Sc. degree in Business Administration. He further advanced his education with a Master’s degree in Policy and Leadership Studies from the same university.
Political Career
Okpebholo began his political journey in 2023 as a Senator representing Edo Central Senatorial District in Nigeria’s National Assembly. His tenure as senator lasted until 2024. Running under the All Progressives Congress (APC) platform, he launched his gubernatorial campaign in 2024, which culminated in his victory in the Edo State gubernatorial election.
He was officially sworn in as governor on November 24, 2024, marking the start of his tenure as the state’s leader.
Who Is the Current Deputy Governor of Edo State?
Dennis Idahosa serves as the deputy governor of Edo State. A seasoned Nigerian politician, he has held various positions in the political sphere before assuming this role. Among his previous roles, he represented Edo State in Nigeria’s House of Representatives, serving for two terms.
Background
Dennis Idahosa was born on August 11, 1980, in Benin City, Edo State. He holds a Bachelor’s degree in Sociology and a Master’s degree in Legislative Studies. Before venturing into politics, he gained valuable experience working in the private sector.
List of All Governors of Edo State till Present
The table below contains leaders of the Mid-Western Region – later Bendel State and then Edo State from its time as the Mid-Western Region till present time.
No. | Name | Title | Term in office | Notes |
1 | Dennis Osadebay | Premier | Aug 1963 – Jan 1966 | First and only Premier of Mid-Western Region |
2 | David Akpode Ejoor | Military Governor | Jan 1966 – Aug 1967 | First military governor following the 1966 coup |
3 | Albert Okonkwo | Administrator | Aug 1967 – Sept 1967 | Administered region under Biafran control |
4 | Samuel Ogbemudia | Military | Sept 1967 – July 1975 | Known for post-war reconstruction |
5 | George A/ Innih | Military | Aug 1975 – Mar 1976 | First military governor of Bendel State |
6 | Hussaini Abdullahi | Military | Mar 1976 – July 1978 | |
7 | Abubakar Waziri | Military | July 1978 – Sept 1979 | Served as brigade commander in Benin City |
8 | Ambrose F. Alli | Executive Governor | Oct 1979 – Sept 1983 | First civilian governor of Bendel State |
9 | Samuel Ogbemudia | Executive Governor | Oct 1983 – Dec 1983 | Brief tenure before 1983 coup |
10 | Jeremiah Useni | Military | Jan 1984 – Aug 1985 | |
11 | John Mark Inienger | Military | Sept 1985 – July 1988 | |
12 | Jonathan T. Ogbeha | Military | July 1988 – Aug 1990 | |
13 | John Ewerekumoh Yeri | Military | Aug 1990 – Aug 1991 | Last military governor before state split |
14 | John E. Yeri | Military | Aug 1991 – Jan 1992 | First military governor of Edo State |
15 | John O. Oyegun | Civilian | Jan 1992 – Nov 1993 | First civilian governor of Edo State |
16 | Mohammed Onuka | Military | Dec 1993 – Sept 1994 | |
17 | Bassey Asuquo | Military | Sept 1994 – Aug 1996 | |
18 | Baba Adamu Iyam | Military | Aug 1996 – Aug 1998 | |
19 | Anthony Onyearugbulem | Military | Aug 1998 – May 1999 | |
20 | Lucky Igbinedion | Civilian | May 1999 – May 2007 | Two terms as civilian governor under PDP |
21 | Oserheimen Osunbor | Civilian | May 2007 – Nov 2008 | PDP (Election declared invalid in 2008) |
22 | Adams Oshiomhole | Civilian | Nov 2008 – Nov 2016 | ACN/APC |
23 | Godwin Obaseki | Civilian | Nov 2016 – Nov 2024 | APC |
24 | Monday Okpebholo | Civilian | Nov 2024 – Present | APC (present) |
History of Edo State
The area now known as Edo State has a rich history, being home to various empires and kingdoms, including the renowned Benin Empire, which was established in the 11th century AD. Benin City and its surrounding areas are notable for their extensive ancient earthworks, which attest to the region’s historical significance. However, much of this heritage was damaged during the British invasion of 1897, which led to the destruction of parts of the ancient city and its incorporation into the Southern Protectorate of colonial Nigeria.
Edo State is ethnically diverse, comprising groups such as the Edoid people, the Edo (Bini), Akoko Edo, Esan, Etsako, and others. Among these, the Edo dialect is the most widely spoken, particularly in Benin City. Christianity was introduced to the area in the 15th century by Portuguese missionaries, adding to its cultural revolution.
In 1963, the territory became part of the Mid-Western Region of Nigeria, which also included areas now forming Delta State. By 1976, it was renamed Bendel State during Nigeria’s state restructuring. During the Nigerian Civil War (1967–1970), Biafran soldiers briefly occupied the Mid-Western Region, declaring it the Republic of Benin. However, this republic lasted less than 24 hours before being reclaimed by Nigerian forces.
Edo State, as it exists today, was officially created on August 27, 1991, following the division of Bendel State into Edo and Delta States.
Politically, the Oba of Benin remains a central figure in Edo State’s socio-political landscape. The monarch’s influence often extends into political decisions, reflecting the deep respect and cultural significance the Oba holds among the Edo people.
Higher Educational Institutions in Edo State
Edo State is home to various higher education institutions spanning federal, state, and privately owned schools. These institutions offer a wide range of programs and degrees, contributing significantly to the educational development of the region.
Name of Institution | Location | Type | Degrees Awarded |
Ambrose Alli University | Ekpoma | Public | Bachelor’s, Master’s, Doctorate |
Auchi Polytechnic | Auchi | Federal | National Diploma (ND), HND |
Benson Idahosa University | Benin City | Private | Bachelor’s, Master’s, Doctorate |
College of Agriculture | Iguoriakhi | State | Diplomas, ND, Certificates |
Edo State Polytechnic | Usen | State | ND, HND |
College of Education | Ekiadolor | State | Diplomas, Bachelor’s in Education |
Edo Technical College | Various Locations | State | Certificates, Diplomas |
Edo University, Uzairue | Uzairue | Public | Bachelor’s, Master’s, Doctorate |
Igbinedion University | Okada | Private | Bachelor’s, Master’s, Doctorate |
Kings Polytechnic | Benin City | Private | ND, HND |
Mudiame University | Irrua | Private | Bachelor’s, Master’s, Doctorate |
Samuel Adegboyega University | Ogwa | Private | Bachelor’s, Master’s, Doctorate |
Shaka Polytechnic | Benin City | Private | ND, HND |
University of Benin | Benin City | Federal | Bachelor’s, Master’s, Doctorate |
Wellspring University | Benin City | Private | Bachelor’s, Master’s |
Minerals & Economy in the Region
Edo State is rich in natural mineral resources, including bitumen, clay, gold, limestone, granite, iron ore, and marble, as well as oil and gas. These resources contribute significantly to the state’s economy. Additionally, key economic sectors include the food, carbonated drinks, and cement processing industries, which are active at various levels throughout the state.
Leave a Reply