Land Area

Nasarawa has a total land surface 26,256 square km (10,137 sq mile). It is the 15th largest out of the thirty six states in Nigeria and the second least populous.

Population Size

The population size of the state, according to the National Population Commission in the 2006 census, was 1,869,377 (approximately 1.87 million). Subsequently, in 2022, the estimated population of the state was 2,886,000, showing significant growth over a period of 16 years. However, Lafia is the most populated area in Nasarawa state.

Geographical features

The state stretches across the tropical Guinea Savannah and is traversed by the Benue River, which forms most of the southern border and the extreme northern border of the state. Other important geographical features include the Farin Ruwa Waterfalls, Eggon Hills, and the Peperuwa Hills. These locations are attractive tourist destinations in Nasarawa. The natural environment is captivating. Whether you live within, close to, or outside the state, spending time outdoors with your family in these areas will enhance your social life.

Tribes

Nasarawa State is home to a variety of ethnic groups (tribes), and as such, the people speak up to 40 local dialects across the state. The major languages spoken include Afo, Alago, Buh, Eggon, Ebira, Fulani, Gbagyi, Gwandara, Hausa, Kanuri, Mada, Miligi (Koro), and Rindre. While the Hausa and Fulani people are found throughout the state, they are not the majority. At one point, the Aba/Ebira natives were believed to be the most populous. However, studies are increasingly suggesting that the Eggon people might be the most populated tribe in Nasarawa State.

For instance, a 1990 study estimated that there were about 140,000 Eggon speakers in the state, while another study in 2016 reported the number to be around 200,000. Some even argue that the population could be larger. Despite these figures, some believe the Hausa are the largest ethnic group in the state, largely because of their prominence in commerce and governance, which can lead to the assumption that they are the most populous.

The Mada people are another significant ethnic group in Nasarawa, with a population spread across up to six local government areas in the state. Despite the diversity of languages and tribes, English remains the official language used in public and private organizations across the state.

Religion

Muslims and Christians are the predominant faiths in Nasarawa State. A few people still practice traditional religions, but this is gradually fading away as more people embrace Islam and Christianity.

Occupation

Mainly, the people of Nasarawa are agrarian, with over 70% of the natives engaged in farming, including cash cropping and livestock rearing. The Eggon people are particularly known for their involvement in agriculture. Major crops grown by farmers in Nasarawa State include soybeans, sesame, maize, millet, and groundnuts. Yam is also grown in large quantities and is sold to other Nigerian states. Animal farming in the state includes the rearing of cattle, sheep, goats, and poultry. During festive periods, most of the animals found in other Nigerian states come from Nasarawa. Some of the indigenes are also involved in mining, with minerals such as salt, bauxite, and baryte being extracted. Agriculture still remains the mainstay of the economy of Nasarawa State, though conflicts between farmers and herders in the region have disrupted farming activities due to disputes over land ownership.

Climate: Dry & Wet Season

Nasarawa experiences a periodic tropical and savanna climate each year. The tropical season refers to the rainy (wet) months, which begin around March 7 and last until November 14. The state receives an average of 136.71 millimeters of precipitation and about 155 days of rainfall annually. As with most states in Nigeria, August is the peak month, with an average rainfall of 8.9 inches.

From November to March, Nasarawa experiences the savannah season, which is the dry season. During this time, the weather is humid, partly cloudy, and hot throughout the season. The average annual temperature ranges between 63°F and 95°F. While the temperature rarely falls below 57°F, it can rise above 101°F and can be very hot during this period.

The cool season in Nasarawa starts from June to October, with daily temperatures averaging around 85°F. December is the coldest month, with an average temperature of 64°F and highs of 89°F. March marks the hottest days in Nasarawa, with high temperatures of 95°F and lows of 74°F.

The best time to visit Nasarawa for outdoor activities is between November and February. This period is cooler, with less or no rainfall, making it ideal for outdoor gatherings with loved ones and visiting exciting tourist attractions in the area.

How Many Local Governments Areas?

Nasarawa State is subdivided into 13 local government areas (LGAs) for effective administration and resource distribution. Lafia is the largest LGA, covering an area of approximately 27,000 square kilometers. Its population is over 330,712, and it falls under the Western Senatorial District of the state. Some believe that Lafia LGA is the best, as it is the most developed urban area and serves as the headquarters of the state. Below is a list of the various Local Government Areas (LGAs) in Nasarawa State:

Akwanga

Andoni

Doma

Karu

Keffi

Kokona

Lafia

Nasarawa

Obi

Oyi

Toto

Wamba

Nasarawa

List of all the governors of Nasarawa

In this section, you will learn about the past and present governors of Nasarawa State, including both military and civilian leaders.

Name	Title	Enter Office	Leave Office	Party
Abdullahi Ibrahim	Administrator	7 Oct 1996	6 Aug 1998	Military
Bala Mande	Administrator	6 Aug 1998	29 May 1999	Military
Abdullahi Adamu	Governor	29 May 1999	29 May 2007	PDP
Aliyu Doma	Governor	29 May 2007	May 2011	PDP
Umaru Tanko Al-Makura	Governor	May 2011	May 2019	CPC
Abdullahi Sule	Governor	29 May 2019	Present	APC

Who was the first governor of Nasarawa State?

Retired Commander Abdullahi Ibrahim was the first governor of Nasarawa State after its creation in 1996. Ibrahim’s appointment came through General Sani Abacha, who appointed him as the military administrator of the state. Abdullahi Ibrahim assumed office in a newly created state with no established administration.

The Commander utilized his military experience to set up a functional executive council for the state, erected the Government House, and oversaw the construction of the Nasarawa State Secretariat. He handed over power on August 6, 1998, to Bala Mande, who later left office following Nigeria’s transition to the Fourth Republic of civilian rule.

Who is the current governor of Nasarawa State?

On May 29, 2019, Abdullahi Audu Sule officially became the 6th governor of Nasarawa State after winning the state gubernatorial election held on March 9 of the same year. Audu Sule remained in office after being re-elected in 2023, thus serving a second term. The Akwanga native, born on December 26, 1959, is an engineer, businessman, and Nigerian politician.

After completing his secondary education in 1977, he gained admission to Jos Plateau Polytechnic. He later proceeded to the United States to study at Indiana State University on a scholarship, where he obtained a BSc in Mechanical Engineering and an MSc in Industrial Technology. In 1985, Sule returned to Nigeria to participate in the NYSC scheme.

Rounding up from NYSC, he was employed as a production engineer at the Jos Steel Mill before returning to the U.S. He worked there until 2000 when he moved back to Nigeria. This time, he partnered to establish Sadiq Petroleum Nigeria Limited in Lagos and eventually became the Managing Director/Chief Executive Officer. He later became the Group Managing Director of Dangote Sugar Refinery PLC before ascending to the Government House of Nasarawa as the number one citizen of the state.

Who is the deputy governor of Nasarawa state?

Dr. Emmanuel Akabe is the deputy governor of Nasarawa State in the current administration. He is a medical doctor and a Nigerian politician. He was born in Doma LGA on November 29, 1960. An indigene of Akwanga LGA in Nasarawa, he started his early education there before moving to Jos, Plateau State, for his secondary education at St. Joseph’s College. Akabe obtained his first degree in medicine from the University of Jos, graduating in 1984. Akabe had a robust career in the medical field before becoming the deputy governor of Nasarawa State.

History of Nasarawa State

Before the arrival of the colonial masters, what is now Nasarawa State was a division of smaller states, where the Hausa tribes occupied vast areas. Some of these states were small in size with village settings, while others were part of larger empires. In the early 1800s, these areas were gradually captured by Usman Dan Fodio and his Islamic army during the Fulani Jihad. After Usman executed Yufa, his primary victim, he placed the region under the control of the Sokoto Caliphate, where Nasarawa and other kingdoms were at the mercy of Sokoto’s leadership.

Another shift in power occurred in the 1890s, when the British took control of the territory and turned it into the Northern Nigeria Protectorate. This protected area, under colonial rule, was later merged in 1914 to form British Nigeria, prior to Nigeria’s independence in 1960.

In 1967, Northern Nigeria was divided, and the area became part of the Benue-Plateau State. The state was later split again to form Plateau State, with Nasarawa as one of its regions. History took another turn in 1996 when General Sani Abacha’s administration implemented administrative reforms, splitting the western part of Benue-Plateau to create the new state of Nasarawa.

List of Mineral Resources in Nasarawa State

Nasarawa is one of the states in Nigeria with an abundance of mineral resources, with over 15 different types of minerals. This is why the state is often referred to as the “Home of Solid Minerals.” If these minerals are properly mined and managed, they could significantly boost the GDP of Nasarawa State and contribute to Nigeria’s overall economy. The following is a list of the key mineral resources in Nasarawa State:

Mineral Resources
Baryte
Bauxite
Calcite
Cassiterite
Chalcopyrite
Clay
Coal
Columbite
Dolomite/Marble
Feldspar
Galena
Iron-Ore
Mica
Quartz
Sapphire
Salts
Tantalite
Talc
Tourmaline

Higher Institutions

Name	Type	Degrees Awarded
College of Education, Akwanga	State	NCE, B.Ed (in affiliation with universities)
Federal Polytechnic Nasarawa	Federal	ND, HND
Federal College of Education (Technical), Keana	Federal	NCE, B.Tech Ed (in affiliation with universities)
College of Agriculture, Lafia	State	ND, HND
Isa Mustapha Agwai I Polytechnic, Lafia	State	ND, HND
Nasarawa State University, Faculty of Agriculture (Lafia Campus)	State	B.Sc., B.Agric.
Federal University of Lafia	Federal	B.Sc., B.A., B.Agric
Mewar International University, Masaka	Private	Bachelor’s & Master’s Degrees
Bingham University, Karu	Private	Bachelor’s  & Master’s Degrees, Ph.D.
Hill College of Education, Gwanje Akwanga	Private	NCE
NACAP Polytechnic, Akwanga	Private	ND, HND

Totality

The Nasarawa State of today was once part of several other states, including Benue-Plateau State and later Jos-Plateau, until it became a state of its own in 1996. Before colonial times, many ethnic groups and tribes inhabited the area, with small towns and large kingdoms. The region was conquered during the Jihad and was ruled by the Sokoto Caliphate until the British invasion (from the 1890s to the early 1900s). Nigeria’s independence in 1960 brought freedom to the region, and the people of Nasarawa gained a state to call their own. The state is home to many tribes, with the Eggon people being the most populous. Nasarawa has 13 local government areas, and the indigenous majority are farmers, cultivating cash crops and engaging in animal breeding. After Bayelsa, it is the least populous state in Nigeria. Nasarawa is also blessed with an abundance of solid mineral resources. Federal, state, and private institutions are available for admission seekers in the state. There is much more to learn about Nasarawa State.

Land Area

Among Nigeria’s 36 states, Kwara is the 9th largest in terms of land area, covering 36,825 square kilometers. This accounts for 3.99% of Nigeria’s total landmass.

What is The Population?

Kwara ranks 20th in population, making it the 6th least populous state in Nigeria, according to the 2006 National Population Census, which recorded a population of 2,365,353. However, by 2022, the estimated population had increased to 3,551,000.

Geographical Features

Kwara lies between Sudan savannah vegetation in the west and Guinea savannah in the rest of the state. Thus, Kwara has two main vegetation zones: Sudan savannah and Guinea savannah.

In addition to its diverse vegetation, Kwara has numerous rivers that shape its topography. The most significant is the River Niger, which traverses the northern border of the state before emptying into Jebba Lake. Other notable rivers include the Aluko, Awun, Ass, and Oyun rivers, which flow through different parts of the state.

Towards the extreme northwest of the state lies Kainji National Park, one of Nigeria’s top tourist destinations. This park hosts a rich wildlife population, including the African bush elephant, hippopotamus, roan antelope, grey heron, and olive baboon. It is also home to the last remaining species of West African lions.

Additionally, in the southwest of Kwara is Oyo National Park, which preserves species such as the African buffalo, patas monkey, and various eagles.

The state’s terrain is characterized by undulating topography, with rivers, elevated areas, and mountains in some regions. Vast plains with erosion-prone soil further define the landscape.

Climate in The Region

The climate of Kwara State is characterized by a tropical wet and dry climate. The rainy season lasts from April to October, with September being the wettest month, recording an average rainfall of 11.02 inches. The state receives an annual precipitation of 3.99 inches and experiences approximately 148 rainy days per year. The coldest month is January, with an average temperature of 21.28°C (70.3°F).

The dry season, classified under the savanna climate, spans from early November to mid-April, lasting about five months. Kwara has an annual average temperature of 28.75°C (83.75°F). February is the hottest month, with temperatures soaring to 102.33°F (39°C), while December is the driest month, receiving only 0.02 inches of rainfall.

Languages in The State

Historically, various ethnic groups have lived in Kwara State, including the Yoruba, Nupe, Baatonu, and Bokobaru people. The Yoruba dialect serves as the main lingua franca, and the Yoruba ethnic group is the majority, spread across the state. Nupe-speaking communities are found in the northeast, while the western part of Kwara is home to Baatonu and Bokobaru speakers. Additionally, in Ilorin, a small portion of the population speaks Fulani. Despite its ethnic diversity, Kwara is generally considered a Yoruba state.

Religion

Kwara residents practice both Islam and Christianity. However, the majority of the population follows Islam, while the Christian population forms a minority. The state has a sitting Emir, leading to Kwara sometimes being referred to as a Muslim state.

In Taiwo Isale, there is a major Catholic cathedral, while along Post Office Road, you will find the Cherubim and Seraphim Church. The Evangelical Church Winning All (ECWA) also has several branches within the state. The Gaa Imam area is home to one of the largest Living Faith Church (Winners’ Chapel) parishes in the state, with another located along Offa Garage Road, along with Dunamis International Gospel Church.

How Many Local Government Areas?

Kwara State is divided into 16 Local Government Areas (LGAs), as listed in the table below:

S/N	Local Government Area
1	Asa
2	Baruten
3	Edu
4	Ekiti
5	Ifelodun
6	Ilorin East
7	Ilorin South
8	Ilorin West
9	Irepodun
10	Isin
11	Kaiama
12	Moro
13	Offa
14	Oke Ero
15	Oyun
16	Pategi

List of All Kwara State Governors

Below is a list of individuals who have governed Kwara State since its creation, along with their years in office and official titles.

Name	Year in Office	Title
David B. Bamigboye	May 1967 – Jul 1975	Military Governor
George A. Innih	Mar 1976 – Jul 1978	Military Governor
Cornelius O. Adebayo	Oct 1983 – Dec 1983	Civilian Governor
Mohammed N. Umaru	Aug 1985 – Dec 1987	Military Governor
Ibrahim A. Alkali	Jul 1988 – Dec 1989	Military Governor
Alwali I. Kazir	Dec 1989 – Jan 1992	Military Governor
Peter A. Ogar	Aug 1996 – Aug 1998	Military Administrator
Mohammed L. Lawal	May 1999 – May 2003	Civilian Governor
Bukola A. Saraki	May 2003 – May 2011	Civilian Governor
AbdulRahman A. AbdulRazaq	May 2019 – Incumbent	Civilian Governor

Who Was the First Governor of Kwara State?

In 1967, under the military government of General Yakubu Gowon, Femi David Lasisi Bamigboye became the first governor of Kwara State. Bamigboye was a military officer in the Nigerian Army, and he led Kwara as governor from May 1967 to July 1975.

An indigene of Kwara, Bamigboye laid the foundation for the state’s development. One of his earliest achievements was organizing the educational sector by establishing the Ministry of Education. In the same 1968, he created a department within the ministry to coordinate student bursary and scholarship programs.

In 1972, he founded Kwara State Polytechnic and commissioned the state’s first hospital, which initially had 35 beds, improving healthcare access for Kwarans. His administration also established the Kwara State Printing and Publishing Corporation and the State Investment Corporation.

Additionally, he played a key role in developing technical colleges and senior high schools in various communities. His initiatives extended to the agricultural sector, promoting growth and sustainability.

Due to his impactful leadership, on May 27, 2017, he received an award from Governor Abdulfatah Ahmed for being an outstanding leader in Kwara State’s history.

Who Is the Current Governor of Kwara State?

The current governor of Kwara State is AbdulRahman AbdulRazaq. Despite unsuccessful attempts to contest for the governorship seat in 2003, 2007, and 2011, he remained persistent and eventually won the 2019 Kwara State gubernatorial election. He was sworn into office on May 29, 2019.

After completing his first term, AbdulRazaq contested again under the All Progressives Congress (APC) in the 2023 governorship election and was re-elected after securing the highest number of votes.

He was born in Zaria, Northern Nigeria, on February 5, 1960. His early education took place in both Ilorin and Kaduna. Before venturing into politics in 1999, he was a successful businessman, primarily in the oil sector.

Religiously, he is a Muslim.

Higher Institutions in Kwara State

Kwara State, Nigeria, is home to several higher education institutions, including universities, polytechnics, and colleges of education. Below is a categorized list of these institutions.

Universities  

Name	Location	Type
University of Ilorin (UNILORIN)	Ilorin	Federal
Kwara State University (KWASU)	Malete	State
Al-Hikmah University	Ilorin	Private
Landmark University	Omu-Aran	Private
Summit University	Offa	Private
Crown Hill University	Eyenkorin	Private
Thomas Adewumi University	Oko-Irese	Private
Ahman Pategi University	Patigi	Private
University of Offa	Offa	Private

Polytechnics

Name	Location	Type
Federal Polytechnic, Offa	Offa	Federal
Kwara State Polytechnic	Ilorin	State
The Polytechnic Igbo Owu	Ilorin	Private
Lens Polytechnic	Offa	Private
Graceland Polytechnic	Offa	Private

Colleges of Education

Name	Location	Type
Kwara State College of Education	Ilorin	State
College of Education, Oro	Oro	State
Kwara State College of Education (Tech)	Lafiagi	State
Nigerian Army School of Education	Ilorin	Federal
College of Education, Ilemona	Ilemona	Private
Muhyideen College of Education	Ilorin	Private
Kinsey College of Education	Ilorin	Private
Moje College of Education	Erin-Ile	Private
Imam Hamzat College of Education	Ilorin	Private
ECWA College of Education	Igbaja	Private
College of Education	Offa	Private
Nana Aisha College of Education	Ilorin	Private
Adesina College of Education	Shao	Private
Pan African College of Education	Ilorin	Private

Other Specialized Institutions

Name	Location	Type
Nigerian Navy School of Health Science	Irra Road, Offa	Federal
International Aviation College	Ilorin	State

History of Kwara State

In ancient times, parts of what is now Kwara-State were under the control of the Oyo Empire, including the Borgu Kingdom (inhabited by the Bariba, Bissa, and Boko groups) and the Nupe Kingdom from the 1500s to the early 1800s.

The Fulani presence in the current territory of Kwara began in the mid-1800s when the Fulani Jihadists conquered and seized parts of the land. As a result, the area was placed under the control of the Sokoto Caliphate until the early 1900s, when the British colonial government took over. The Fulani ethnic group remains a significant part of the Kwara population today.

Under British rule, the region was incorporated into Northern Nigeria Protectorate. By 1914, Northern Nigeria was merged into British Nigeria, which later became independent in 1960. Initially, Kwara was part of the Northern Region, but in 1967, it was renamed West Central State. Again, in 1976, the area was rename to Kwara state. Over time, parts of Kogi State and Niger State were carved out of Kwara, leading to a reduction in its size.

Notable People from Kwara

• Rashidi Yekini, a renowned Nigerian professional footballer, was born on October 23, 1963, and passed away on May 4, 2012. He was an indigene of Kwara State and played for the Nigerian national team.
• David Oyedepo, the founder of Living Faith Church Worldwide (Winners’ Chapel), was born on September 27, 1954. Apart from being a bishop, he is also a businessman. He owns the prestigious Covenant University, located in Ogun State, Nigeria, along with other educational institutions.
• Abubakar Bukola Saraki, born on December 19, 1963, is a Nigerian politician from Kwara State. He served as the 13th President of the Nigerian Senate from 2015 to 2019.
• Femi Adebayo, born on December 31, 1978, hails from Kwara State. He is a Nollywood actor, film director, and producer.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the capital of kwara state? The capital city of Kwara State is Ilorin. Popular areas in Ilorin include Taiwo Road, Post Office, Fante, Offa Garage Road, Tipper Garage, and the road leading to the Federal University of Ilorin and the GRA (Government Reserved Area).

What geopolitical zone is kwara state? The state is part of the north central geopolitical zone of Nigeria 

What is the postal code for ilorin kwara-state? The postal code for Ilorin, Kwara State is 240001, which serves as the central hub for other post office branches in the city.

How many tribes are in kwara state? There are up to eight tribes, including Yoruba, Nupe, Baatonum, Bokobaru, Boko, Busa, Sorko, and Fulani speakers.

How to Travel to Kwara State? You can travel to Kwara State by road, rail, or air depending on your location:

1. By Road:
   • Several motor parks across Nigeria offer direct bus services to Ilorin, the state capital.
   • From Ilorin, you can take another ride to your specific destination within the state.
2. By Train:
   • The Nigerian railway system passes through Kwara, connecting Lagos (Doyin Oyingbo Station) to the northern regions of Nigeria.
3. By Air:
   • Ilorin International Airport serves as an alternative travel route, offering flights to and from different parts of Nigeria.

Population of Kaduna State

In addition to its large landmass, Kaduna is also one of the most populous states in Nigeria. According to the 2006 Census, the population of Kaduna was recorded at 6,113,503 (approximately 6 million). A more recent estimate in 2022 indicates the population has grown to 9,032,200, making Kaduna the third-most populous state in Nigeria.

Topography

The topography of Kaduna State is varied, with predominantly flat lowlands made up of loamy, sandy, and clay soils. There are some rocky zones, particularly around Zaria, and the state also features Kogoro Hill, a popular recreational and tourist attraction. The landscape is further shaped by the Kaduna River, which flows through the state. Additionally, the region is traversed by a savannah zone, and the fertile land supports agricultural activities, making the area well-suited for farming. 

Vegetation

The Sudan Savannah type of vegetation is widespread in Kaduna State. This type of vegetation is characterized by short trees, grasses, and shrubs, often scattered across the landscape. As a result, tree cover is sparse, and it is difficult to find dense areas of shade.

Climate of the Area

Kaduna State experiences two main climatic seasons: the dry season and the rainy season. During the rainy season, the climate is typically cloudy, humid, and warmer. This period lasts from March to October, a span of about 7 months. August receives the highest rainfall, with an average precipitation of 11.9 inches.

The dry season, which lasts from November to March, is characterized by hotter and partially cloudy conditions, with little to no rainfall. Throughout the year, the temperature in Kaduna rarely falls below 10°C and can rise above 38.9°C during the hottest months.

The People of Kaduna State (Languages/Tribes/Religion)

Kaduna State is an area with people of diverse dialects and ethnicities. It is often referred to as a “Hausa state” because the Hausa dialect is widely spoken in most of the local government areas (LGAs) and it is the largest tribe. Additionally, a significant population speaks Fulani, Gbayi, Atyap, Ham, and other languages, but there are 57 languages spoken within the territory. English remains the official language of communication.

In terms of religion, three major forms of worship are practiced in the state: Islam, Christianity, and traditional religions. The state is also known for significant religious crises that occurred in 2001 and 2002.

Major Occupation

Agriculture contributes 30 percent to Kaduna State’s economy. Farming is the primary occupation of the people in the region. Kaduna has fertile lands for growing crops such as tomatoes, maize, sorghum, millet, groundnuts, and yams, as well as for extracting peanut oil. The state is also renowned for large-scale cotton production due to the abundant presence of cotton in the area. Livestock farming, including goats, cattle rearing, and poultry, is another important activity. Additionally, some people are involved in buying and selling, while others work in the civil service. About 3.3% of Nigeria’s economy comes from Kaduna’s contributions.

List of Local Governments in Kaduna & Their Headquarters

Here are the names and administrative headquarters of the 23 (twenty-three) local government areas in Kaduna state:

S/N	LGA	Headquarter
1	Birnin Gwari	Birnin Gwari
2	Chikun	Chikun
3	Giwa	Giwa
4	Igabi	Igabi
5	Ikara	Ikara
6	Jaba	Kwoi
7	Jema’a	Kafanchan
8	Kachia	Kachia
9	Kaduna North	Kaduna
10	Kaduna South	Kaduna
11	Kagarko	Kagarko
12	Kajuru	Kajuru
13	Kaura	Kaura
14	Kauru	Kauru
15	Kubau	Kubau
16	Kudan	Kudan
17	Lere	Saminaka
18	Makarfi	Makarfi
19	Sabon Gari	Sabon Gari
20	Sanga	Gwantu
21	Soba	Soba
22	Zangon Kataf	Zonkwa
23	Zaria	Zaria

From the list, the largest local government area in Kaduna State is Birnin Gwari, but it is not the most populated. Birnin Gwari covers a land area of 6,185 square kilometers. The population of the area, according to the 2006 census, is 252,363 persons. This represents 4.13% of the total population of Kaduna State in 2006.

As the largest LGA, Birnin Gwari is divided into 11 (eleven) wards: Dogon Dawa Ward, Gayam Ward, Kakangi Ward, Kazage Ward, Kutemesi Ward, Kuyelo Ward, Magajin Gari I Ward, Magajin Gari II Ward, Magajin Gari III Ward, Randagi Ward, and Tabanni Ward.

However, Zaria is the local government area in Kaduna State with the largest population, totaling 601,300 persons as per the 2022 estimate.

Past Governors of Kaduna State

Since its establishment, Kaduna State has been governed by both military and democratic leaders. Below is a list of these governors, including their names, periods in office, and other relevant details.

Who Was The First Governor Of Kaduna State?

In the history of Kaduna State, Abba Kyari was the first person to serve as governor. This occurred at a time when what is now known as Kaduna was part of the North-Central State. Abba Kyari, with military experience, oversaw the affairs of the region from May 1967 to July 1975.

Born on November 7, 1938, in Dewa, Kyari was a student at Borno Middle High School before moving to the Barewa College. After completing his higher education, he joined the Nigerian Army Cadet in 1959. He then went to Ghana for a cadet training course at the Officer Training School in Teshie. He also attended the former British Army Officer Training School at Aldershot in the United Kingdom, which has since been closed.

Kyari began his career as a platoon commander and later took on the role of transport officer in the 1st Brigade Transport Company of the Nigerian Army. He rose through the military ranks until he became a brigadier. After retiring from the army, he transitioned into a businessman and became the chairman of several establishments. He passed away in 2018.

Who Is The Current Governor Of Kaduna State?

Born on December 31, 1970, Uba Sani is the current executive governor of Kaduna State under the All Progressives Congress party. Sani began his governorship role on May 29, 2023, after winning the gubernatorial election in the state. He won his closest opponent, Isa Ashiru of the PDP, who scored 719,196 votes, with Sani securing 730,002 votes. Consequently, INEC issued a certificate of return to the APC candidate as the governor of Kaduna State.

Uba Sani, an engineer, joins politics as far back as 1996 and was initially a member of the PDP. His first political portfolio was as a Special Adviser on Public Affairs to Nigeria’s President Olusegun Obasanjo. At the federal level, he served as the Senator representing Kaduna Central District from 2019 to 2023 before rising to the position of the number one citizen of Kaduna State.

Who Is Current Deputy Governor of Kaduna State?

Hadiza Sabuwa Balarabe serves as the Deputy Governor of Kaduna State, working alongside Governor Uba Sani. Born in August 1966 in Sanga, a town in the former Northern Region, Hadiza is a medical doctor and Nigerian politician. She graduated from the University of Maiduguri with a degree in Medicine. After withdrawing her ambition to contest the governorship position in 2023, she was selected as the running mate of her current boss, Uba Sani.

List of All Past & Present Governors of Kaduna State

Name	Title	Period in Office
Abba Kyari	Military	28 May 1967 – Jul 1975
Usman Jibrin	Military	Jul 1975 – 1977
Muktar Muhammed	Military	1977 – Jul 1978
Ibrahim Mahmud Alfa	Military	Jul 1978 – Oct 1979
Abdulkadir B. Musa	Governor	Oct 1979 – 23 Jun 1981
Abba Musa Rimi	Governor	6 Jul 1981 – Oct 1983
Lawal Kaita	Governor	Oct 1983 – Dec 1983
Usman Mu’azu	Military	Jan 1984 – Aug 1985
Dangiwa Umar	Military	Aug 1985 – Jun 1988
Abdullahi S. Mukhtar	Military	Jul 1988 – Aug 1990
Abubakar T. Ayuba	Military	Aug 1990 – 2 Jan 1992
Mohammed Dabo Lere	Governor	2 Jan 1992 – Nov 1993
Lawal Jafaru Isa	Military	9 Dec 1993 – 22 Aug 1996
Hammed Ali	Military	22 Aug 1996 – Aug 1998
Umar Farouk Ahmed	Military	Aug 1998 – 29 May 1999
Ahmed Makarfi	Governor	29 May 1999 – 29 May 2007
Mohammed N. Sambo	Governor	29 May 2007 – 19 May 2010
Patrick I. Yakowa	Governor	20 May 2010 – 15 Dec 2012
Mukhtar R. Yero	Governor	15 Dec 2012 – 29 May 2015
Nasiru A. El-Rufai	Governor	29 May 2015 – 29 May 2023
Uba Sani	Governor	29 May 2023 –  Current Governor

Universities/Polytechnic Institutions

There are several higher learning institutions in Kaduna State. While Ahmadu Bello University is the most popular in the area, here are other institutions for those who wish to study in the state.

Name	Type	Degree Award (Abbreviation)
Kaduna
Kaduna Polytechnic (1968)	Federal	ND, HND
Kaduna State University	State	B.Sc, B.A, M.Sc, Ph.D
National Open University of Nigeria, Kaduna Study Center	Federal	B.Sc, PGD, M.Sc, Ph.D
Nigerian Defence Academy (NDA)	Federal	B.Sc, B.A, M.Sc, Ph.D
Greenfield University, Kaduna	Private	B.Sc, B.A
Zaria
Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria	Federal	B.Sc, B.A, M.Sc, Ph.D
Federal College of Education, Zaria	Federal	NCE, B.Ed
Nigerian College of Aviation Technology, Palladan, Zaria	Federal	Certificates, Diplomas
Nuhu Bamalli Polytechnic, Zaria	State	ND, HND
Other Institutions
Air Force Institute of Technology (Nigeria)	Federal	ND, HND, B.Eng, M.Eng

Popular People from Kaduna

Umar Farouk Abdulmutallab, born on December 22, 1986, is associated with Kaduna State. He is known for his attempted terrorist attack on December 25, 2009, when he tried to detonate explosives attached to his body onboard Northwest Airlines Flight 253, en route from Amsterdam to Detroit, Michigan, USA.

Another notable individual from Kaduna State is Bashir Abubakar, born on December 12, 1962. Before venturing into politics, he served in the Nigerian Customs Service and retired as an Assistant Controller General of Customs (ACG) in 2020. He is currently serving as the Chief Commissioner of the Public Complaints Commission of Nigeria, following his appointment by President Bola Ahmed Tinubu.

Andrew Laah Yakubu, born on September 10, 1955, is a former Group Managing Director of the Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation (NNPC). He was appointed to the position by President Goodluck Jonathan and also hails from Kaduna State.

Most Frequently Asked Questions

Who is the Governor of Kaduna State?

The current governor of Kaduna State is Uba Sani, from the All Progressives Congress (APC), while the deputy governor is Hadiza Sabuwa Balarabe.

How many Local Governments are in Kaduna State?

Kaduna State is divided into 23 Local Government Areas (LGAs), as mentioned in the above section.

What Is The Population Of Kaduna State?

From the 2006 census, the population of Kaduna State was recorded as over 6 million. An estimate in 2022 places the population at approximately 9 million, indicating consistent growth.

How to apply for Air Force Institute of Technology (AFIT) Kaduna?

The Air Force Institute of Technology (AFIT) in Kaduna offers admissions to qualified students. To apply, visit the school’s website at www.afit.edu.ng. Read through the eligibility requirements for the program you wish to apply for. AFIT offers diploma, undergraduate, and postgraduate courses. If you meet the requirements, you can purchase the admission form online. Complete the form and submit it. After submission, you will await the screening/exam process. Once the examination is complete, check the school’s website for the admission list.

Population Size

According to the 2006 National Population Census, Jigawa State had a population of 4,361,002. By 2022, the estimated population had grown to 7,499,100, making it the 8th most populous state in Nigeria.

Topography

The topography of Jigawa State is characterized by the basement complex in the southern region and sedimentary rocks in the northern part. Additionally, important rivers such as the Hadejia River and Kafin Hausa River are significant features of the landscape.

Vegetation

Jigawa State has two major vegetation zones:

• Sudan Savanna in the northern part
• Guinea Savanna in the southern region

A large portion of the state is covered by Sudan vegetation, which consists primarily of grasslands, making it ideal for livestock grazing. The state also boasts fertile land, suitable for cultivating cash crops.

Climate

Jigawa State has a tropical savanna climate, marked by distinct dry and rainy seasons. The dry season lasts from November to March and is characterized by the harmattan, a dry and dusty wind from the east. The rainy season spans from April to October, with August experiencing the heaviest rainfall. The state’s annual average temperature ranges from a low of 23.19ºC to a high of 34.69ºC. December is the driest month, while February is the warmest. August is the coldest month, with an average temperature of 21.43ºC. Jigawa receives an average annual rainfall of 128.03mm.

People & Tribes

Jigawa State is home to several indigenous ethnic groups. While various local languages are spoken, Hausa and Fulani are the most widely used. Other languages include Bade, Guri, Duwai, Kanuri, and Fula.

Religiously, Islam and Christianity are the major faiths in the state. However, a large percentage of the population practices Islam.

List of Jigawa State Local Government Areas & Postal Codes

Jigawa State consists of 27 Local Government Areas (LGAs). Below is a list of some LGAs along with their respective postal codes:

LGA Name	Postal Code
Auyo	720101
Babura	720102
Birniwa	720103
Buji	720104
Dutse	720105
Gagarawa	720106
Garki	720107
Gumel	720108
Hadejia	720109
Jahun	720110
Kafin Hausa	720111
Kazaure	720112
Kiri Kasama	720113
Maigatari	720114
Miga	720115
Ringim	720116
Roni	720117
Sule Tankarkar	720118
Taura	720119
Yankwashi	720120

Jigawa State Governors

In Nigeria’s Fourth Republic, the Jigawa State government is led by an executive governor and cabinet members. The gubernatorial seat is determined every four years through a ballot voting system. The people of Jigawa cast their votes for the candidates of their choice in the gubernatorial election. The candidate with the highest number of votes, representing the winning party, becomes the governor.

After the election, the Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC) issues a Certificate of Return to the elected candidate, officially granting them the authority to oversee the state’s administrative affairs.

The governorship term in Jigawa, like in all Nigerian states, is a maximum of eight years. This means that after serving the first four-year term, the incumbent governor may be re-elected for another four years, making a total of eight years in office.

Now, let’s take a look at the list of all governors of Jigawa State from 1991 to the present, starting with the first governor.

List of Governors of Jigawa from 1991 – Present

Name	Years in Office	Title
Olayinka Sule	Aug 1991 – Jan 1992	Administrator
Ali Sa’ad Birnin-Kudu	Jan 1992 – Nov 1993	Governor
Col. Ibrahim Aliyu	Dec 1993 – Aug 1996	Administrator
Rasheed Shekoni	Aug 1996 – Aug 1998	Administrator
Abubakar Maimalari	Aug 1998 – May 1999	Administrator
Ibrahim S. Turaki	May 1999 – May 2007	Governor
Sule Lamido	May 2007 – May 2015	Governor
Badaru Abubakar	May 2015 – May 2023	Governor
Umar Namadi	May 2023 – Present	Governor

Who Was the First Governor of Jigawa State?

Olayinka Sule was the first governor of Jigawa State. He served as a military administrator, as governors were referred to under military rule. Sule managed the affairs of Jigawa State from 1991 to January 1, 1993.

Before retiring from the Nigerian Army, Olayinka handed over power to a civilian government during Nigeria’s Third Republic. He attained the rank of Lieutenant Colonel before retiring from the military.

Olayinka Sule was born on May 4, 1948, and lived for 72 years before his passing.

Who Is the Current Governor of Jigawa State?

Umar Namadi is the current and 9th governor of Jigawa State. He was sworn in on May 29, 2023, as the governor. Previously, he served as Deputy Governor from 2019 to 2023 before assuming the governorship seat.

Namadi is an accountant by profession. He earned his first degree in Accounting from Bayero University, Kano, where he also obtained an MBA. He has been a chartered accountant since 1993 and is a member of the Institute of Chartered Accountants of Nigeria (ICAN) and the Nigerian Institute of Management.

Throughout his career, Namadi has gained expertise in research, auditing, banking, and management, which contributed to his selection as a candidate of the All Progressives Congress (APC), the party that brought him to power.

Who Is the Current Deputy Governor of Jigawa State?

The current deputy governor of the State is Aminu Usman, an electrical engineer and politician. He assumed office on May 29, 2023.

Before becoming deputy governor, Usman served as the Jigawa State Commissioner of Works. He also worked with the Federal Housing Authority and was the Managing Director of Socar Talamiz Limited, a company based in Lagos. Additionally, he was the Project Manager of the Gwarinpa Housing Scheme in Abuja.

Regarding his education, Usman first attended Kano State Polytechnic, then moved to Yaba College of Technology, Lagos, and later Bayero University, Kano. He also holds a certification from the Nigerian Certified Institute of Shipping, Lagos.

Related Questions

How many languages are spoken in Jigawa State?

• There are up to six languages spoken in Jigawa State: Hausa, Fulani, Kanuri, Guri, Bade, and Duwai.

How many local government areas are in Jigawa State?

• Jigawa currently has 27 local government areas (LGAs). More may be created in the future.

Who is the governor of Jigawa?

• The executive governor of Jigawa State is Umar Namadi, while the deputy governor is Aminu Usman.

Location of Imo State

Imo State is located in the southeastern part of Nigeria. It shares borders with three states:

• Anambra State to the north
• Rivers State to the west
• Abia State to the east

The state is situated at approximately latitude 5°29′N and longitude 7°2′E.

Land Area

The land area of Imo State is 5,530 square kilometers (2,140 square miles), representing about 3% of Nigeria’s total landmass. This makes it the 34th largest state in Nigeria by land area.

Population

In 2017, the estimated population of Imo State was 4.93 million. By 2022, this figure had grown to an estimated 5,459,300, making Imo the 13th most populous state in Nigeria.

Topography

Imo State has diverse topography shaped by a mix of geographical features, including mountains, water bodies, and lowlands. Regions such as Aboh Mbaise and Ngor Okpala are known for their hilly and elevated terrains, while the southern parts of the state, including Owerri, are predominantly lowland areas.

Vegetation

Imo State is located in the tropical rainforest zone, with prominent vegetation in areas like Ohaji and Egbema. This includes grasslands, dense forests, and extensive farmlands where crops such as cassava, maize, cocoyam, and yam are cultivated. Common economic trees in the state include oil palm, rubber, mahogany, iroko, and obeche.

Climate: Wet and Dry Seasons

• Rainy Season: April to October, with peak rainfall occurring in June, July, and August. Annual precipitation ranges between 60 and 80 inches, and temperatures during this period range from 75°F to 85°F.
• Dry Season: November to March characterized by higher temperatures (26°C to 32°C) and reduced rainfall. This season coincides with the Harmattan, which brings dry, dusty winds from the Sahara Desert.

Tribe of Imo State

Imo State has been inhabited by the Igbo (tribe) people for centuries. The Igbo language, particularly its various dialects, is traditionally spoken throughout the state. However, English has become widely spoken, especially in urban areas and by non-Igbo residents.

Religion in Imo State

Christianity is the predominant religion in Imo State. Most Christians belong to orthodox denominations such as the Catholic Church and the Anglican Church, though Pentecostal groups are also well-represented. Additionally, there are Islamic worship centers and some traditional religious practices observed by a minority of the population.

Occupation of the People

Agriculture remains the primary occupation in Imo State. Major crops cultivated include yam, cassava, maize, and other staples. The large-scale production of palm oil is particularly significant in areas such as Ohaji, Ikeduru, and Oguta, making the state a key supplier of palm oil for domestic and commercial purposes.

In addition to agriculture, crude oil and natural gas extraction employ a significant portion of the workforce, as Imo is part of Nigeria’s oil-producing region. Many residents are also self-employed, engaging in business ventures or working as artisans, while others hold positions in government institutions and private sector organizations.

Number of LGAs

Imo State currently has 27 Local Government Areas (LGAs), and the names are as follows:

1. Aboh Mbaise	10. Isu	19. Okigwe
2. Ahiazu Mbaise	11. Mbaitoli	20. Onuimo
3. Ehime Mbano	12. Ngor-Okpala	21. Orlu
4. Ezinihite Mbaise	13. Njaba	22. Orsu
5. Ideato North	14. Nkwerre	23. Oru East
6. Ideato South	15. Nwangele	24. Oru West
7. Ihitte/Uboma	16. Obowo	25. Owerri Municipal
8. Ikeduru	17. Oguta	26. Owerri North
9. Isiala Mbano	18. Ohaji/Egbema	27. Owerri West

Who Was the First Governor of Imo State?

The first governor of Imo State was Ndubuisi Kanu, a military officer. He served as the state’s administrator under the military system of governance. Ndubuisi Kanu, born on November 3, 1943, hailed from Isuikwuato Local Government Area in Abia State and was of Igbo ethnicity.

Kanu joined the Nigerian Navy in 1962, receiving part of his military training in India, where he completed cadet training. He specialized in personnel, logistics, and training. During the Nigerian Civil War, Kanu fought on the side of the Biafran forces.

In 1975, he was appointed as part of General Murtala Mohammed’s ruling cabinet. Kanu officially became the governor of Imo State in March 1976 during General Olusegun Obasanjo’s military regime. His notable achievements included:

• Planning and developing Owerri, the state capital.
• Constructing roads to improve infrastructure.
• Creating additional local government areas.
• Establishing a broadcasting network, which later became the Imo Broadcasting Corporation (IBC).

Who Is the Current Governor of Imo State?

The current governor of Imo State is Hope Uzodimma. He assumed office on January 14, 2020, following a Supreme Court ruling that nullified the election of Emeka Ihedioha. The court determined that 388 polling unit results had been excluded from Uzodimma’s votes, leading to his victory.

Hope Uzodimma was born on December 2, 1958, in Omuma, his hometown. He earned a degree in International Studies and a second degree in Political Science from the University of London. He also holds an MSc in Human Relations from the University of Nigeria, Nsukka (UNN).

Uzodimma began his political career during Nigeria’s Second Republic and held various political offices. Before becoming governor, he served as a Senator representing Imo West from 2011 to 2019, completing two terms. His experience as a senator significantly contributed to his leadership skills as governor.

Who Is the Deputy Governor of Imo State?

The Deputy Governor of Imo State is Chinyere Ekomaru. She was sworn into office on January 15, 2024, after Governor Hope Uzodimma selected her as his running mate in the 2023 gubernatorial election.

Ekomaru replaced Prof. Placid Njoku, Uzodimma’s former deputy. While Uzodimma emphasized that there were no personal issues with Njoku, he stated that strategic adjustments were necessary for the election and his administration.

List of All Governors till Present

Since its creation, Imo State has been governed by both military administrators and civilian governors. Military governors were appointed by the ruling military leadership, while civilian governors have been elected through democratic processes. The table below provides a list of all the governors of Imo State, past and present.

Name	Period in Office	Party
Ndubuisi Kanu	Mar 1976 – 1977	Military
Adekunle Lawal	1977 – Jul 1978	Military
Sunday Adenihun	Jul 1978 – Oct 1979	Military
Samuel Mbakwe	1 Oct 1979 – 31 Dec 1983	NPP
Ike Nwachukwu	Jan 1984 – Aug 1985	Military
Allison Madueke	Aug 1985 – 1986	Military
Amadi Ikwechegh	1986 – 1990	Military
Anthony Oguguo	Aug 1990 – Jan 1992	Military
Evan Enwerem	Jan 1992 – Nov 1993	NRC
James Aneke	9 Dec 1993 – 22 Aug 1996	Military
Tanko Zubairu	22 Aug 1996 – May 1999	Military
Achike Udenwa	29 May 1999 – 29 May 2007	PDP
Ikedi Ohakim	29 May 2007 – 29 May 2011	PPA / PDP
Rochas Okorocha	29 May 2011 – 29 May 2019	APC
Emeka Ihedioha	29 May 2019 – 15 Jan 2020	PDP
Hope Uzodinma	15 Jan 2020 – Current Governor	APC

Higher Institutions in Imo State

Below is a list of higher education institutions in the state

Name	Location	Type	Degrees Offered
Federal Polytechnic, Nekede	Nekede, Owerri	Federal Polytechnic	National Diploma (ND), Higher National Diploma (HND)
Federal University of Technology, Owerri	Owerri	Federal University	Bachelor’s, Master’s, Doctorate
Hezekiah University, Umudi	Umudi, Nkwerre	Private University	Bachelor’s
Imo State Polytechnic (Now University of Agriculture, Umuagwo)	Umuagwo	State Polytechnic/University	ND, HND, Bachelor’s
Imo State University, Owerri	Owerri	State University	Bachelor’s, Master’s, Doctorate
Kingsley Ozumba Mbadiwe University, Ogboko	Ogboko, Ideato	State University	Bachelor’s, Master’s

The table above shows that there is one federal university, one state university, and two privately owned universities in Imo State. Additionally, there is one federal polytechnic and one state polytechnic. This highlights that Imo State is well-equipped to educate its population and welcomes outsiders who wish to study within the state.

Popular People

1. Samuel Okwaraji

Samuel Okwaraji was a lawyer and professional footballer who represented Nigeria in international football. He gained fame for scoring the fastest goal in the African Cup of Nations held in Morocco in 1988. Okwaraji was born on May 29, 1964, and tragically passed away at the age of 25 after collapsing during a World Cup qualifying match against Angola at the National Stadium in Surulere, Lagos, in 1989. Autopsy reports revealed that his death was due to congestive heart failure.

2. Nwankwo Kanu

Nwankwo Kanu is a renowned professional footballer who played for the Nigerian national teams, including the U-17 and senior teams. Internationally, he played for top European clubs, such as:

1. Inter Milan (1996–1999)
2. Arsenal (1999–2004)
3. West Bromwich Albion
4. Portsmouth (2006–2012)
   Kanu was born on August 1, 1976, and is celebrated for his football achievements, including winning Olympic gold with Nigeria in 1996.

3. Osita Iheme

Osita Iheme is a Nollywood actor, comedian, and film producer, popularly known as Pawpaw after his iconic role in the 2002 movie Aki na Ukwa. He is a household name in Nigerian cinema, with many of his movie scenes becoming trending memes online. Osita was born on February 20, 1982, and holds a Bachelor’s degree.

4. Anayo Onyekwere (Kanayo O. Kanayo)

Anayo Onyekwere, popularly known as Kanayo O. Kanayo, is a celebrated Nigerian actor and lawyer. He is well-known for playing ritualist roles in movies, which have made him a cultural icon. These roles often trend as memes, and comedians frequently feature him in similar parts in their skits. Despite his on-screen persona, Kanayo is a gentleman in real life. He was born on March 1, 1962, and is best known for movies like Family Battle.

5. Rochas Okorocha

Rochas Okorocha is a businessman and Nigerian politician. He served as the governor of Imo State from May 29, 2011, to May 29, 2019, and is currently a serving senator representing Imo West Senatorial District since 2019. Okorocha was born on September 22, 1962 and is recognized for his contributions to politics and education in Imo State.

6. Ada Ehi

Ada Ehi is a Nigerian gospel minister, singer, songwriter, and performing artist. She is known for her powerful ministry and her music, which resonates both in Nigeria and internationally. Some of her popular songs include Only You Jesus, Cheta, I Testify, You Are Able, among others. Ada was born on September 18, 1983.

Topography

This defines the landscape of an area. In this context, the Gombe terrain includes agricultural plains, uplands, and high mountains, as well as the river lowlands around the Gongola water body. The central and northwest regions are mostly flat plains, while the southwest and northeast areas of Gombe are predominantly undulating, rough, and elevated uplands. Therefore, the state has a diverse surface.

Vegetation Zone

Unlike most Nigerian states that have mixed vegetation, Gombe has only the Sudan savannah type. This vegetation consists of short grasses of various species, with trees that are also relatively short and scattered throughout the area, alongside shrubs. Common tree species in the zone include acacia, baobab, and cotton plants. Additionally, the distinct rainfall and sunshine patterns influence plant life in the region.

Land Area

Out of Nigeria’s total land mass, Gombe State covers 18,768 square kilometers. It is the 21st largest state in surface area out of the 36 states. Furthermore, it represents 2.03% of the entire surface area of Nigeria. Let’s calculate it as follows:

Percentage = (Gombe land area/Nigeria land area) × 100

Percent = (18,768/ 923,769) × 100

Percentage = 2.03\%

Population Size

The population of Gombe is 2,365,040, according to the last census conducted. However, as of 2022, an estimate of the state population shows a growth to 3,960,100, making Gombe State the 33rd largest in population size out of all the states in Nigeria.

Languages and Ethnic Diversity

Gombe State is home to a variety of ethnic groups, making it linguistically diverse. Over 25 native languages are spoken across the state, with Fulfulde (the Fulani language), Tangale, and Tera being among the most widely spoken. Fulfulde, in particular, is prevalent across five Local Government Areas (LGAs): Akko, Dukku, Funakaye, Kwami, Yamaltu-Deba, and Nafada.

Other languages spoken by the people of Gombe include Awake, Bangwinji, Bolewa, Centúúm, Cham, Dadiya, Dera, Dikaka, Dza, Kamo, Kanuri, Kyak, Kushi, Longuda, Moo, Tula, Tso, Waja, Wurkun, Pipero, Yuwar, and Kasinawa.

Number of LGAs in Gombe

Gombe State is divided into eleven (11) Local Government Areas (LGAs), each headed by an elected local government chairman responsible for managing its affairs. Below is a list of the LGAs:

LGA	Headquarters	Postal Code
Akko	Kumo	771
Balanga	Tallase	761
Billiri	Billiri	771
Dukku	Dukku	760
Funakaye	Bajoga	762
Gombe	Gombe (city)	760
Kaltungo	Kaltungo	770
Kwami	Mallam Sidi	760
Nafada	Nafada	762
Shongom	Boh	770
Yamaltu/Deba	Deba	761

The largest local government area (LGA) in the state in terms of land area is Akko, which covers 2,627 square kilometers of the state’s total land area. According to the 2006 census, the population of Akko LGA was 337,853. Interestingly, Gombe LGA, which serves as the capital city, is the smallest in terms of land area, covering only 52 square kilometers. Despite its small size, it is highly populated, with a census population of 268,000. Yamaltu/Deba LGA holds the record for the highest population, with 355,248 residents according to the same census.

Climate

The climate in Gombe State is characterized by two distinct seasons: the dry season and the rainy season. The dry season is marked by high temperatures and minimal cloud cover. Temperatures in the state rarely drop below 52°F and can exceed 100°F. The average yearly temperature is approximately 97°F. This season typically lasts from November to March, with the hottest period occurring between February and April. April is the hottest month, with an average daily temperature of 86°F.

During the rainy season, temperatures become more moderate. The rainy season typically spans from April to October, with July and October being the coolest months, featuring average high temperatures of 90°F and lows of 58°F. August is the wettest month, receiving an average of 8.2 inches of precipitation, while December is the coldest month and experiences the least rainfall.

Religion

The majority of Gombe’s population practices Islam, accounting for approximately 65-70% of the state’s residents. The Christian minority is primarily concentrated in Kwami and Akko Local Government Areas.

Occupation

The economy of Gombe State is predominantly agricultural. A significant portion of the population, particularly in rural areas, is involved in farming and livestock rearing. Major crops cultivated in the state include tomatoes, maize, cassava, yams, millet, sorghum, groundnuts, and rice. Some crops, such as rice in Akko, tomatoes in Kwami, and maize in Billiri, are grown on a large scale, making the state a hub for local trade. These crops supply raw materials to major industries like Flour Mills Nigeria Ltd, Crown Flour Mills, and Dangote Staple Food Group.

Livestock rearing, including cattle, goats, sheep, camels, and horses, also contributes significantly to the local economy. Additionally, traditional crafts such as weaving and cotton dyeing are common and serve various cultural and economic purposes.

Complete List of All Governors of Gombe State (1996 till Present)

Name	Title	Period in Office
Group Captain Joseph Orji	Administrator	7 Oct 1996 – Aug 1998
Abubakar H. Hashidu	Governor	29 May 1999 – 29 May 2003
Mohammed D. Goje	Governor	29 May 2003 – May 2011
Ibrahim H. Dankwambo	Governor	May 2011 – 29 May 2019
Muhammad I. Yahaya	Governor	May 2019 – Present

This section contains information about the past and current governments of Gombe State, including their names and periods in office.

Who Was The First Governor Of Gombe State?

Joseph Orji was the first to govern the newly created Gombe State when it was established in 1996. He became the military administrator of the state by appointment under the directives of General Sani Abacha. Orji managed the affairs of Gombe State from October 7, 1996, to August 1998. He retired from the military as a Group Captain after being asked to retire, following the transition plan to a civilian government in 1999.

About The Current Governor Of Gombe State

Mr. Muhammad Inuwa Yahaya is the 6th and current governor of Gombe State. He began his tenure on May 29, 2019. Yahaya is a businessman and politician in the Federal Republic of Nigeria.

He was born on October 9, 1961. He graduated with a B.Sc. in Accounting from Ahmadu Bello University in 1983. After graduation, Yahaya started his career as a Principal Accountant at the Investment and Property Development Company of Bauchi State, a role he held until 1985. Later, he served as the Managing Director of A.Y.U. Civil Engineering Company Limited.

Yahaya’s career in politics began when former Gombe State Governor, Muhammad Danjuma Goje, appointed him Commissioner for Finance and Economic Development in 2003. This position motivated Yahaya to join politics officially that same year.

In 2018, he contested the Gombe State gubernatorial election under the All Progressives Congress (APC). Yahaya won the election with 364,179 votes, defeating his closest rival, Usman Bayero Nafada of the Peoples Democratic Party (PDP), who polled 222,868 votes. Yahaya was declared the winner by INEC and sworn into office on May 29, 2019.

About The Current Deputy Governor Of Gombe State

Mr. Manassah Daniel Jatau is the Deputy Governor of Gombe State. He was nominated by Governor Muhammad Inuwa Yahaya as his running mate in the 2019 governorship election, which brought them to power.

A Brief History of Gombe State

Gombe State as we know it today was originally part of Bauchi State. Before the arrival of colonial powers, the area consisted of various smaller states. The Fulani were the predominant tribe occupying the northern and central parts of the region, while the central and southern parts were home to the Tangale people and other minority ethnic groups.

In the 1800s, the Fulani Jihad, led by Usman dan Fodio, overpowered the northern part of present-day Gombe, establishing the Gombe Emirate, which remains in existence to this day. Meanwhile, the Tangale tribes, known for their resilience, retained control over the southern region, where they installed the Maidom as their leader.

With the British invasion, the Gombe Emirate came under siege and eventually fell under British colonial rule. The British incorporated the region into the Northern Nigeria Protectorate, which later became part of British Nigeria. After Nigeria gained independence in 1960, the area was initially part of the Northern Region until 1967, when the country was reorganized into states, and the region became part of the North-Eastern State.

In 1976, the North-Eastern State was split into several states, leading to the creation of Bauchi State, which included Gombe as one of its regions. Finally, in 1996, Bauchi’s western part was carved out to establish Gombe State as we know it today.

Over the years, Gombe State has undergone several transformations. Its people are primarily farmers and livestock rearers. However, the rise of insecurity, including the activities of Boko Haram, has significantly disrupted farming and other economic activities in the region.

Educational Institutions

Gombe State boasts several institutions of higher learning, offering opportunities in various fields, including medicine, nursing, midwifery, horticulture, and technology. These institutions include polytechnics, universities, and colleges, providing a wide range of educational options for aspiring students. Below is a detailed list of the institutions in the state:

Universities in Gombe State

Name	Type	Degree Award
Federal University Kashere	Federal	B.Sc., B.A.
Gombe State University	State	B.Sc., B.A.
Gombe State University of Science & Technology	State	B.Sc., B.Tech.
Jewel University	Private	B.Sc., B.A.
National Open University of Nigeria	Federal	B.Sc., B.A., B.Ed.
North-Eastern University	Private	B.Sc., B.A.

Polytechnics in Gombe State

Name	Location	Degree Award (Abbreviation)
Federal Polytechnic	Kaltungo	ND, HND
Gombe State Polytechnic	Bajoga	ND, HND

Colleges in Gombe State

Name	Type	Degree Award
Abubakar Garba Zagada – Zagada College of Education	Private	NCE
Dukku International College of Health, Science & Technology	Private	ND, Certificate
Federal College of Education (Technical), Gombe	Federal	NCE, B.Ed.
Federal College of Horticultural Technology, Dadin Kowa	Federal	ND, HND
Fountain College of Health Sciences and Technology, Gombe	Private	ND, Certificate
Garkuwa College of Health, Science & Technology, Gombe	Private	ND, Certificate
Gombe State College of Education, Billiri	State	NCE
Gombe State College of Legal Studies, Nafada	State	Certificate, Diploma
Gombe State College of Nursing and Midwifery	State	RN, RM
Haruna Rasheed College of Health, Science & Technology, Dukku	Private	ND, Certificate
Ilimi College of Health Science and Technology, Gombe	Private	ND, Certificate
JIBWIS College of Arabic and Islamic Education	Private	Certificate, Diploma
JIBWIS College of Education	Private	NCE
North-Eastern University	Private	B.Sc., B.A.
Performance College of Health, Science & Technology, Billiri	Private	ND, Certificate
Umma College of Health Science and Technology	Private	ND, Certificate

Note: There are six universities, two polytechnics, and sixteen colleges in Gombe State to meet the academic needs of the people.

Most Frequently Asked Questions

When was Gombe State created?

Gombe State was established on October 1, 1996, from part of Bauchi State by General Sani Abacha.

How many local government areas are there in Gombe State?

Currently, the state has 11 local government areas.

How Many Wards Are in Gombe State?

Gombe State consists of 114 wards (also referred to as polling units), which are spread across the 11 local government areas (LGAs). These wards are the designated voting areas assigned by INEC.

The table below shows the LGAs, the number of wards in each LGA, and their corresponding ward names.

LGA Name	Number of Wards	List of Wards
AKKO	10	Akko, Garko, Kalshingi, Kashere, Kumo Central, Kumo East, Kumo North, Kumo West, Pindiga, Tukulma, Tumu
BALANGA	10	Bambam, Bangu, Dadiya, Gelengu/Balanga, Kindiyo, Kulani/Degre/Sikkam, Mwoma, Nyuwa/Jessu, Swa/Ref/W. Waja, Talasse/Dong/Reme
BILLIRI	10	Baganji North, Baganji South, Bare, Billiri North, Billiri South, Kalmai, Tal, Tanglang, Todi, Tudu Kwaya
DUKKU	11	Gombe Abba, Hashidu, Jamari, Kunde, Lafiya, Malala, Waziri North, Waziri South/Central, Wuro Tale, Zange, Zaune
FUNAKAYE	10	Ashaka/Magaba, Bage, Bajoga West, Bajoga East, Bodor/Tilde, Jillahi, Kupto, Ribadu, Tongo, Wawa/Wakkulutu
GOMBE	11	Ajiya, Bajoga, Bolari East, Bolari West, Dawaki, Herwagana, Jeka Dafari, Kumbiya-Kumbiya, Nasarawa, Pantami, Shamaki
KALTUNGO	10	Awak, Bule/Kaltin, Kaltungo East, Kaltungo West, Kamo, Tula-Yiri, Tula Baule, Tula Wange, Tungo, Ture
KWAMI	10	Bojude, Daban Fulani, Doho, Dukul, Gadam, Jurara, Komfulata, Kwami, Malam Sidi, Malleri
NAFADA	10	Barwo/Nasarawo, Barwo Winde, Birin Bolewa, Birin Fulani East, Birin Fulani West, Gudukku, Jigawa, Nafada Central, Nafada East, Nafada West
SHONGOM	10	Bangunji, Boh, Burak, Filiya, Gundale, Gwandum, Kulishin, Kushi, Lalaipido, Lapan
YALMALTU/DEBA	11	Deba, Difa/Lubo/Kinafa, Gwani/Shinga/Wade, Hinna, Jagali North, Jagali South, Kanawa/Wajari, Kuri/Lano/Lambam, Kwadon/Liji/Kurba, Nono/Kunwal/W. Birdeka, Zambul/Kwali

Location

Enugu is located in the southeast of Nigeria and shares boundaries with five other states:

• To the north: Benue and Kogi States
• To the east: Ebonyi State
• To the southeast: Abia State
• To the west: Anambra State

Its coordinates on the map are approximately 6°30′N latitude and 7°30′E longitude.

Land Mass

The Coal City State occupies a total land area of 5,081 square kilometers (not miles), making it the 29th largest by area among the 36 states in Nigeria. It is also the largest in landmass among the states in the southeast geopolitical zone.

Enugu Topography

Enugu is situated at the base of a steep slope within the Cross River Basin and the Benue Trough. The area features Precambrian basement rock covered by Cretaceous and Tertiary sediments, which are rich in coal deposits. The region is predominantly hilly, with Udi Hill being a notable topographical feature. Hills in Enugu can reach heights of about 1,000 meters (3,300 feet), with highlands mainly supported by sandstone and lowlands by shale.

Nike Lake is a key geological feature, along with significant rivers such as Asata, Aria, Ekulu, Idaw, Ogbete, and Nyaba, with the Ekulu River being the largest water body in urban Enugu.

Geography

The state capital, Enugu, is located 240 kilometers from Port Harcourt, a journey of approximately four hours by road. Port Harcourt serves as a major port for coal shipments out of Nigeria. Enugu is also about a one-hour drive from Onitsha, the largest commercial city in West Africa, and two hours from Aba, another major commercial hub in Abia State.

Enugu State is known for its fertile soil and favorable year-round climate. The state is situated at an elevation of approximately 732 feet (223 meters) above sea level. It experiences varied temperatures, with highs of around 30.64°C (87.15°F) in February and lows of about 15.86°C (60.55°F) in November.

Enugu State Vegetation

Enugu State, Nigeria, features a diverse vegetation landscape primarily consisting of open grasslands, interspersed with occasional woodlands and clusters of oil palm trees. This vegetation type supports extensive agricultural activities, with key crops including yams, cassava, maize (corn), rice, and various oil palm products.

The region’s vegetation is vital to the local economy, playing a significant role in agriculture and related industries. Its fertile environment enables the cultivation of these crops, which are essential for both subsistence farming and commercial agriculture.

Climate: Rainy and Dry Season

Enugu experiences a tropical and savanna climate annually. The tropical season occurs during the rainy months from March to October, with June and September receiving the highest rainfall, averaging 158.57 millimeters. This period is characterized by high humidity, lightning, and thunderstorms, which farmers in the state utilize to grow their crops.

The dry savanna season, which is hot, spans from November to March, with an average annual temperature of 82.89°F (28.27°C). During the savanna season, particularly between December and February, the Harmattan winds occur, bringing cooler, dry air and reducing humidity.

Population of Enugu State

The 2006 population census conducted by the National Population Commission of Nigeria recorded a population of 3,267,837 for Enugu State. A more recent estimate in 2022 placed the state’s population at 4,690,100, ranking Enugu as the 22nd most populous state out of the 36 states in Nigeria. However, this population figure is subject to change following the next census.

Language Spoken

While modern-day Enugu includes other ethnic groups speaking various dialects, the people of Enugu are predominantly of Igbo-speaking origin. Igbo dialects remain the primary local languages and are widely spoken. For inter-ethnic communication, English serves as the official language and is commonly used by non-Igbo speakers.

Local Government Areas

Enugu State is divided into 17 Local Government Areas (LGAs), each governed by a chairman. The LGAs are as follows:

1. Aninri	7. Igbo-Etiti	13. Nsukka
2. Awgu	8. Igbo-Eze North	14. Oji River
3. Enugu East	9. Igbo-Eze South	15. Udenu
4. Enugu North	10. Isi-Uzo	16. Udi
5. Enugu South	11. Nkanu East	17. Uzo-Uwani
6. Ezeagu	12. Nkanu West

Who Was The First Governor Of Enugu State?

Herbert Obi-Eze was the first governor of Enugu State. He started as the Anambra State military administrator. When Enugu was split from the current Anambra State, he was assigned to govern the newly created Enugu State. Eze joined the Nigerian Army School, but shortly after, the civil war started. He and some of his elite classmates were withdrew to schools nearby in the East. During his school days, Obi-Eze got the nickname “Eze War.” While finishing secondary education in 1967, Eze War and some of his schoolmates were sent to join the Biafran Army. This affected his military education because he was thrust into war at an early stage of his life, while his colleagues at the Nigerian Military School (NMS) progressed to the Nigerian Defence Academy (NDA). Although he rejoined the military after the war, he could not rise beyond the rank of lieutenant colonel, while his friends who attended the NDA became full colonels.

He was from Ogboro, Ubahueze, a town in Idemili, Imo State. He governed Enugu for a period of six months, from August 1991 to January 1992. In terms of education, he studied until he earned a doctorate, adding “Dr.” to his initials. Eze survived many battles on the warfront, which made him strong and brave, qualities that helped him gain valuable insight during his time in office as a military governor.

Who Is The Current Governor Of Enugu State?

The current governor of Enugu State, Peter Ndubuisi Mbah, is a trained finance analyst, maritime legal practitioner, and politician in Nigeria. As the state executive governor, Peter was sworn in at the Enugu Government House on May 29, 2023.

Born on March 17, 1972, in his parents’ hometown, Owo, Nkanu East LGA, Peter spent his primary school days in Port Harcourt at the Army Children’s School, Bori. After completing his secondary education at Owode High School in Ogun State, he proceeded to the United Kingdom for his first degree. In 2000, he obtained a BSc in Law from East London University. Mbah then returned to Nigeria to attend the Nigerian Law School and was called to the bar. He also holds an MBA from Navarra University, along with other higher qualifications from other institutions.

Mbah began his career at a law firm in Lagos. In 1992, he established his first business in the oil and gas industry (Peter Mbah Investment Limited). His businesses also include the importation of goods and providing educational services. He is the CEO of FOCUS International Schools in Lagos.

In politics, Peter Mbah started as Chief of Staff through appointment and also served as a commissioner during Governor Chimaroke Nnamani’s tenure. He held many other positions before rising to the Enugu State Government House. Under the PDP party, he was elected on March 18, 2023.

Who Is The Deputy Of Enugu State?

Mr. Ifeanyi Ossai, the current deputy governor of Enugu State, studied law like his boss, Mbah, and is also an entrepreneur. Ifeanyi was born in Enugu State, in Ezimo town, Udenu Local Government Area. He grew up in rural settlements with his grandmother after losing his mother at about the age of eight. Ifeanyi received his early schooling in his hometown. After completing his secondary education at Agu High School in his community, he gained admission into the University of Nigeria, Nsukka (UNN), where he obtained a BSc in Law in 1990. Subsequently, he fulfilled his academic obligations at the Nigerian Law School and was called to the Nigerian Bar in 2001.

Adding to his educational qualifications, he went overseas to the University of Essex, UK, where he earned a Master’s degree in Information Technology, Media, and E-commerce in relation to law. Early in his career, Ifeanyi did an internship assisting the office of the Deputy Speaker of Nigeria’s House of Representatives at the National Assembly. He spent most of his early career in the legal field, which helped strengthen his legal foundation.

As an entrepreneur, Ifeanyi ventured into the real estate business in Abuja, the capital city of Nigeria. He also has a presence in the oil and gas sector as part of his investments. In his political journey, becoming the deputy governor was the intention of the current governor, Mbah, who selected him as a running mate, and he is now enjoying the benefits of being a deputy.

List of All Governors of Enugu State – Till Present

This table contains the military/administrator and civilian governors of Enugu State since its creation.

Name	Title	Enter Office	Leave Office	Party
Herbert Eze	Gov.	Aug 1990	Jan 1992	Military
Okwesilieze Nwodo	Gov.	Jan 1992	Nov 1993	NRC
Temi Ejoor	Admin.	9 Dec 1993	14 Sep 1994	Military
Mike Torey	Admin.	14 Sep 1994	22 Aug 1996	Military
Sule Ahman	Admin.	22 Aug 1996	Aug 1998	Military
Adewunmi Agbaje	Admin.	Aug 1998	May 1999	Military
Chimaroke Nnamani	Gov.	29 May 1999	29 May 2007	PDP
Sullivan Chime	Gov.	29 May 2007	29 May 2015	PDP
Ifeanyi Ugwuanyi	Gov.	29 May 2015	29 May 2023	PDP
Peter Mbah	Gov.	29 May 2023	Incumbent	PDP

Economy of the Region

The economy of Enugu State is diverse. A significant proportion of the population, particularly in rural areas, are farmers. Crops such as cassava, yam, maize, and rice are cultivated extensively in various regions. However, in urban areas, many residents are engaged in trade and service provision. Trading is the most predominant economic activity, with a large proportion of the population involved in it.

A smaller fraction of the population is engaged in manufacturing, primarily located in cities such as Enugu, Nsukka, Oji, and Ohebedim. The state boasts several markets across its divisional headquarters, with the Ogbete Main Market in the state capital being the most prominent.

Additionally, the Orie Orba Market, situated in the eastern part of the state, plays a vital economic role. It serves as a hub for the sale of large quantities of grains annually. Farmers from north-central states such as Kogi, Benue, Nasarawa, and Plateau States transport their grains to this market, indirectly contributing to Enugu State’s economy.

List of Higher Institutions in Enugu State

Enugu State boasts several higher institutions for those aspiring to further their education. These institutions include universities, polytechnics, and colleges of education. Below is a detailed list:

Institution Name	Location	Type	Degrees Awarded
University of Nigeria, Nsukka (UNN)	Nsukka, Enugu State	Federal	Bachelor’s, Master’s, Doctorate
Enugu State University of Science & Technology (ESUT)	Enugu State	State	Bachelor’s, Master’s, Doctorate
Institute of Management and Technology (IMT)	Enugu State	State	Diploma, Higher National Diploma (HND)
Federal Cooperative College, Oji River (FCCO)	Oji River, Enugu State	Federal	Diploma, Certificates
Enugu State College of Education Technical	Enugu, Enugu State	State	National Certificate in Education (NCE)
Caritas University	Amorji-Nike, Enugu State	Private	Bachelor’s
Renaissance University	Ugbawka, Enugu State	Private	Bachelor’s
Federal School of Dental Technology & Therapy	Enugu State	Federal	Diploma, Bachelor’s
Our Saviour Institute of Science and Technology, Enugu	Enugu State	Private	Diploma, Certificates
Federal College of Education, Eha-Amufu	Eha-Amufu, Enugu State	Federal	National Certificate in Education (NCE), Bachelor’s

Land Mass & Population

Ekiti has a land area of 6,353 square kilometers, making it the 30th largest of the 36 states in Nigeria. The population of the state, according to the 2006 census, was 2,398,957, ranking it as one of the less populated states in Nigeria. As of 2022, the estimated population of Ekiti was approximately 3,271,900, with a population density of about 515 people per square kilometer.

Ekiti State Topography

Ekiti features diverse topography, including hills, valleys, and fertile land that supports agricultural activities. Ado Ekiti and Ikere Ekiti are known for their elevated terrain. The Ogbese River and Ero River are significant water bodies that shape the region’s landscape and contribute to agricultural productivity.

Vegetation in the Area

The state has diverse vegetation, comprising tropical rainforest and savanna.

• Rainforest vegetation: Found in areas like Ado Ekiti, Ikere, and Ise Ekiti, the tropical rainforest supports various tree species, plants, and shrubs. The high humidity in these regions allows for the cultivation of crops such as cassava, yam, and cocoa.
• Savanna vegetation: Characterized by light grasses and scattered trees, the savanna experiences reduced rainfall. This vegetation is suitable for growing cash crops such as maize and millet.

Climate: Wet and Dry Seasons

Ekiti experiences two main seasons: the rainy season and the dry season.

• Rainy Season:
  The rainy season lasts from April to October, with the heaviest rainfall typically occurring in July. Annual precipitation ranges from 1,500 to 2,000 mm. This period is characterized by lower temperatures and higher humidity, creating ideal conditions for agriculture, as farmers rely on natural irrigation for crop cultivation.
• Dry Season:
  The dry season spans November to February and is marked by warm, muggy, and sometimes cloudy weather. Temperatures can be scorching, particularly under direct sunlight. The average annual temperature in Ekiti is around 32°C, with March being the hottest month of the year.

What Language Do the People Speak?

Unlike some multilingual Nigerian states, the people of Ekiti predominantly speak the Yoruba language. Many indigenes communicate in local dialects specific to Ekiti, while British English serves as the official language used in government, education, and private organizations.

How Many Local Governments Are in Ekiti State?

Ekiti State has 16 local government areas (LGAs), which are listed as follows:

1. Ado Ekiti	6. Gbonyin	11. Ilejemeje
2. Ikere Ekiti	7. Ikole	12. Ekiti East
3. Ise/Orun	8. Oye	13. Ekiti South-West
4. Efon Alaaye	9. Ijero	14. Ekiti West
5. Emure	10. Moba	15. Aiyekire
		16. Ado

Who Was the First Governor of Ekiti State?

Colonel Mohammed Inua Bawa became the first governor of Ekiti State when he assumed office following his appointment by the then Head of State, Sani Abacha. Bawa served as governor from October 7, 1996, until 1998, when he was transferred to Gombe State by Abdulsalami Abubakar.

Born on April 6, 1954, in Kebbi State, Nigeria, Bawa completed his primary education before attending Bida Government Secondary School in Niger State. With a strong passion for learning, he earned a degree from Ahmadu Bello University (ABU) and later traveled to India, where he obtained another degree from the University of Madras. His academic background significantly contributed to his military career.

In 1976, Bawa joined the Nigerian Army, where he quickly rose through the ranks, eventually attaining the rank of Colonel.

After retiring from the military, Bawa ran for the gubernatorial seat in his home state under the Action Party in 2007, but he was not successful. He passed away in 2017 due to complications from a surgical operation.

It is noteworthy that Otunba Adeniyi Adebayo became the first democratic governor of Ekiti State following the end of the military regime of Sani Abacha.

Who is the Current Governor of Ekiti?

Mr. Abiodun Abayomi Oyebanji is the current governor of Ekiti State. He won the governorship election in 2022 under the platform of the All Progressives Congress (APC) and was sworn into office on October 16, 2022.

Born on December 21, 1967, Oyebanji completed his high school education in Ekiti before attending Ekiti State University, where he earned a B.Sc. in Political Science. He furthered his academic journey at the University of Ibadan, obtaining a Master’s degree in Political Science.

After completing his education, Oyebanji joined the civil service, where he steadily rose through the ranks. Notably, he served as the Secretary of the Committee responsible for creating Ekiti State in 1994. By his early 30s, he had made significant strides in politics, holding various appointments.

His last position before becoming governor was as Secretary to the Government of Ekiti State in the previous administration. He resigned from that role to contest in the gubernatorial election, which he won, making him the current governor.

Who is the Current Deputy Governor of Ekiti State?

Chief Monisade Christiana Afuye is the Deputy Governor of Ekiti State, beginning her tenure in 2022. A native of Ikere Ekiti, she was born on September 28, 1958, in Ikere Local Government Area.

Chief Afuye started her early education at Saint Joseph Christ Apostolic Church Primary School, Aramoko, and attended Amayo Grammar Secondary School, Ikere. She furthered her studies at Crown Polytechnic, where she earned an HND in Business Administration.

Before entering politics, Chief Afuye was an accomplished entrepreneur, particularly in catering services, a field where she gained prominence in her community. She also served as a catering supervisor at the Ikere College of Education and was an associate of the Governing Council of Bamidele Olumilua University of Education, Science, and Technology, Ikere Ekiti.

Her various experiences in entrepreneurship, education, and administration have significantly contributed to her leadership skills, aiding her success as the Deputy Governor of Ekiti State.

List of All Governors of Ekiti State – Till Present

This table contains all individuals who have governed Ekiti, both during the military and civilian eras.

Name	Enter Office	Leave Office	Party
Colonel Mohammed Bawa	7 Oct 1996	7 Aug 1998	Military
Navy Captain Atanda Yusuf	7 Aug 1998	29 May 1999	Military
Otunba Niyi Adebayo	29 May 1999	29 May 2003	AD
Ayo Fayose	29 May 2003	16 Oct 2006	PDP
Chief Friday Aderemi	16 Oct 2006	19 Oct 2006	PDP
Brigadier General Tunji Olurin	19 Oct 2006	27 Apr 2007	PDP
Tope Ademiluyi	27 Apr 2007	29 May 2007	PDP
Olusegun Oni	29 May 2007	17 Feb 2009	PDP
Tunji Odeyemi	17 Feb 2009	6 May 2009	PDP
Olusegun Oni	6 May 2009	15 Oct 2010	PDP
Kayode Fayemi	16 Oct 2010	16 Oct 2014	ACN
Ayo Fayose	16 Oct 2014	16 Oct 2018	PDP
Kayode Fayemi	16 Oct 2018	16 Oct 2022	APC
Biodun Oyebanji	16 Oct 2022	Preseny	APC

The People of Ekiti

The origins of the Ekiti people can be traced back to Ile-Ife, the cradle of the Yoruba civilization. Their forefathers migrated from ancient Yoruba land to settle in the area now known as Ekiti State. The Ekiti people speak a distinct yet heterogeneous Yoruba dialect, which sets them apart from other Yoruba-speaking states.

While there are slight dialectical variations among different groups, such as the Ijero and Ado Ekiti people, mutual intelligibility ensures seamless communication across the region.

Ekiti comprises both modern cities and rural towns, with Ado Ekiti serving as the major city and commercial hub.

Traditionally, many men are engaged in farming, while women often participate in trade and other entrepreneurial activities. Visitors to Ekiti may experience the hospitality of the people, often marked by the offer of traditional dishes like pounded yam and vegetable soup, staples in the region’s cuisine.

Higher Institutions in Ekiti

Below is a list of universities, polytechnics, and colleges of education in Ekiti State, including their location, type, and the degrees they award:

Name	Location	Type	Degree Awarded
Afe Babalola University	Ado-Ekiti	Private	Bachelor’s, Master’s, and Doctorate Degrees (e.g., B.Sc., M.Sc., Ph.D.)
Ekiti State University	Ado-Ekiti	Public	Bachelor’s, Master’s, and Doctorate Degrees (e.g., B.A., B.Sc., M.A., M.Sc., Ph.D.)
Federal University Oye-Ekiti	Oye-Ekiti	Public	Bachelor’s and Master’s Degrees (e.g., B.A., B.Sc., M.Sc.)
Venite University	Iloro Ekiti	Public	Bachelor’s Degrees (e.g., B.A., B.Sc.)
Bamidele Olumilua University of Education, Science, and Technology	Ikere-Ekiti	Public	Bachelor’s Degrees (e.g., B.Ed., B.Sc.)
Federal Polytechnic	Ado-Ekiti	Public	National Diploma (ND) and Higher National Diploma (HND)
Crown Polytechnic	Ado-Ekiti	Private	National Diploma (ND) and Higher National Diploma (HND)
College of Health Technology	Ijero-Ekiti	Public	Diplomas and Certificates (e.g., Community Health Diploma, Environmental Health Certificate)

Related: FAQs

• How many hours is Ilorin to Ado Ekiti?

Traveling to Ado Ekiti from Ilorin takes about 3 to 4 hours, passing through Osun State for about 2 hours, followed by approximately 1.5 hours to Ado Ekiti, depending on road conditions and traffic.

• How far is Akure to Ado Ekiti?

Travelers from Akure, the capital of Ondo State, spend about 1 to 1.5 hours on the road before reaching Ado Ekiti.

• Where is the DHL office located in Ado Ekiti?

The DHL office is located at No. 28 Adebayo Road, Ado Ekiti. However, addresses may change, so it’s advisable to check their official website for the latest information.

Where Is Edo State in Nigeria?

Edo State is located in South-South Nigeria. It shares borders with four states:

• Anambra to the east, about 4 km from the Niger River.
• Delta State to the southeast, approximately 350 km away.
• Ondo State to the west.
• Kogi State to the north is situated about 133 km across the Niger River and 81 km northeast of Edo.

The state is situated at latitude 6°30′ N and longitude 6°00′ E.

Topography of the Area

Edo State features a varied topography, including lowlands, hills, and rivers. The central and southern regions consist mainly of lowland areas, which are ideal for agricultural activities. The northern region is hillier, with elevations exceeding 300 meters above sea level. Residents in these areas often climb hills daily to carry out their activities. The state also has several bodies of water, including small rivers in the lowland areas, with the Niger River being the largest in the eastern part of the state.

Vegetation in Edo

Edo State has a mix of vegetation zones. The southern region is primarily covered by tropical rain-forest, featuring dense trees such as teak and mahogany, alongside a variety of plant species. Constantly, the northern region of the state is dominated by derived Savannah, which is characterized by more grasses and fewer trees. This zone is more suitable for farming due to its fertile soil, in contrast to the tropical rain forest region.

What Is the Land Area of Edo State?

Edo State covers a total land area of 19,559 square kilometers (7,552 square miles) of Nigeria’s overall landmass. It ranks as the 22nd largest state out of the 36 states in Nigeria.

Population of the State

According to the 2006 census, Edo State had a population of 3,233,366. Projections in 2016 estimated the population at 4,235,595, with a population density of 181 persons per square kilometer. By 2022, the population was estimated to be approximately 4,777,000, making it the 10th most populous state in Nigeria. These figures show that the population of Edo State is growing, and further increases are anticipated. This growth calls for the Edo State government to implement economic policies that will accommodate the rising population and enhance infrastructure.

Climate of the State

Edo State experiences two distinct seasons: the rainy season and the dry season. The rainy season lasts from April to October, with the heaviest rainfall occurring in July. The state receives an average annual rainfall of up to 200 cm, resulting in high humidity during the wet months. The dry season, from November to March, has low humidity and little to no rainfall. Temperatures typically range between 20°C and 30°C. The Harmattan season, characterized by cooler weather, occurs during December and January.

Occupation of the People

Agriculture is the primary occupation of the people in Edo State, with major activities including crop farming, livestock rearing, and the collection of forestry products. In rural areas, especially in Edo North (including Auchi), large-scale cultivation of cassava and yam is common. The region’s climate also supports maize cultivation. In Ekpoma (Esan West), residents grow similar crops, along with rice farming in the lowland and plateau areas. Rice is particularly cultivated in Agenebode and Illushi, near the floodplains of the Niger River.

How Many Languages Are Spoken in Edo State?

Edo State is home to over 15 languages, reflecting its diverse ethnic groups, which include the Edo (Bini), Akoko, Esan, Igala, and Afemai people. Each of these ethnic groups has its own dialects. The major languages spoken in the state are Edo (Bini), which is used in over six Local Government Areas, Esan, Ebira, and Okpamheri. Additionally, the Itsekiri people in Ikpoba-Okha, as well as many Urhobo and Ijaw (Izon) speakers in Ovia North-East and Esan South-East LGAs, contribute to the state’s dialect diversity. The Ika-speaking community is also present, particularly in Orhionmwon LGA.

How Many Local Governments Are in Edo State?

Edo State is composed of 18 Local Government Areas (LGAs), which have existed since the state was created in 1991. There is potential for more LGAs to be formed in the future.

Akoko-Edo	Oredo
Egor	Orhionmwon
Esan Central	Ovia North-East
Esan North-East	Ovia South-West
Esan South-East	Owan East
Esan West	Owan West
Etsako Central	Uhunmwonde
Etsako East
Etsako West
Igueben
Ikpoba-Okha

Religion of the People

Edo State is religiously diverse. The majority of the population practices Christianity, while others follow Islam or traditional African religions, worshipping ancestral gods or idols. The state’s rich cultural and religious variety means that people of different faiths coexist harmoniously.

Various Cultures in Edo State

Edo State is known for its rich cultural heritage, which is reflected in its different festivals and traditions. One of the most important festivals is the Ighele Festival, celebrated every June by the Ewu people in Ishan to honor and appease their ancestors. Another notable festival is the Oriminyan Festival, held by the people of Oguta-Evbiame in the Emai clan. This festival, also known as the Festival of Peace, spans a period of three months.

These cultural celebrations are marked by traditional dance performances, including masquerade bands and other prominent cultural groups. The Esan people have a vibrant cultural identity that highlights craftsmanship, storytelling, traditional attire, music, and dance. Festivals such as Ugie Erha, Igbabonelimhin, and others play a significant role in maintaining this cultural richness. Additionally, the Ebomisi Festival, which is typically celebrated in Benin City, serves as another example of Edo State’s diverse cultural heritage.

Who Was the First Governor of Edo State?

Dennis Chukude Osadebay was the first premier to govern the region that now includes Edo State. He oversaw the affairs of the Mid-Western Region, which at the time comprised what are today Edo and Delta States. Osadebay served as premier from 1964 to 1966. Born on June 29, 1911, in Asaba—now the capital of Delta State—he had a distinguished career marked by his contributions to law, politics, and literature.

Osadebay received his early education in Asaba and Calabar. After completing his secondary education, he attended the Hope Waddell Institute. He later pursued legal studies in England, where he also began his literary journey.

An accomplished lawyer, politician, and poet, Osadebay was among the first Nigerian writers to publish poetry in English. His initial works were written during his time as a law student in England, with some featured in the West African Pilot newspaper and other publications. Upon completing his legal studies, he returned to Nigeria and established a law practice in Aba. Leveraging his legal expertise, he served as the legal adviser to the National Council of Nigeria and the Cameroons (NCNC).

In addition to his legal and literary achievements, Osadebay played a pivotal role in Nigerian politics. He was the first Senate President of Nigeria, holding the position from October 1, 1960, to 1963, before becoming the premier of the Mid-Western Region.

Osadebay was not only a statesman but also a passionate advocate for justice. Through his writings, he expressed personal views, championed political transparency, and exposed the injustices faced by Africans under colonial rule. His legacy as a lawyer, poet, and leader remains an enduring inspiration.

However, after Edo State was created in 1991, John Ewerekumoh Yeri became the first military administrator, serving from August 27, 1991, to January 1992. The first civilian governor of the state was John Odigie-Oyegun, who served from 1992 to 1993 before the military regime of General Sani Abacha took over.

Who Is the Current Governor of Edo State?

Monday Okpebholo is the current governor of Edo State, having succeeded Godwin Obaseki on November 24, 2024. He is the 38th person to govern the state.

About Monday Okpebholo

Born on August 29, 1970, in Irrua, Esan Central Local Government Area, Edo State, Monday Okpebholo is both a businessman and a politician. He began his education in Udomi and Ujabhole community schools in Irrua before completing his secondary education in Jos, Plateau State.

After obtaining his Senior Secondary Certificate Examination (SSCE), he gained admission to the University of Abuja, where he earned a B.Sc. degree in Business Administration. He further advanced his education with a Master’s degree in Policy and Leadership Studies from the same university.

Political Career

Okpebholo began his political journey in 2023 as a Senator representing Edo Central Senatorial District in Nigeria’s National Assembly. His tenure as senator lasted until 2024. Running under the All Progressives Congress (APC) platform, he launched his gubernatorial campaign in 2024, which culminated in his victory in the Edo State gubernatorial election.

He was officially sworn in as governor on November 24, 2024, marking the start of his tenure as the state’s leader.

Who Is the Current Deputy Governor of Edo State?

Dennis Idahosa serves as the deputy governor of Edo State. A seasoned Nigerian politician, he has held various positions in the political sphere before assuming this role. Among his previous roles, he represented Edo State in Nigeria’s House of Representatives, serving for two terms.

Background

Dennis Idahosa was born on August 11, 1980, in Benin City, Edo State. He holds a Bachelor’s degree in Sociology and a Master’s degree in Legislative Studies. Before venturing into politics, he gained valuable experience working in the private sector.

List of All Governors of Edo State till Present

The table below contains leaders of the Mid-Western Region – later Bendel State and then Edo State from its time as the Mid-Western Region till present time.

No.	Name	Title	Term in office	Notes
1	Dennis Osadebay	Premier	Aug 1963 – Jan 1966	First and only Premier of Mid-Western Region
2	David Akpode Ejoor	Military Governor	Jan 1966 – Aug 1967	First military governor following the 1966 coup
3	Albert Okonkwo	Administrator	Aug 1967 – Sept 1967	Administered region under Biafran control
4	Samuel Ogbemudia	Military	Sept 1967 – July 1975	Known for post-war reconstruction
5	George A/ Innih	Military	Aug 1975 – Mar 1976	First military governor of Bendel State
6	Hussaini Abdullahi	Military	Mar 1976 – July 1978
7	Abubakar Waziri	Military	July 1978 – Sept 1979	Served as brigade commander in Benin City
8	Ambrose F. Alli	Executive Governor	Oct 1979 – Sept 1983	First civilian governor of Bendel State
9	Samuel Ogbemudia	Executive Governor	Oct 1983 – Dec 1983	Brief tenure before 1983 coup
10	Jeremiah Useni	Military	Jan 1984 – Aug 1985
11	John Mark Inienger	Military	Sept 1985 – July 1988
12	Jonathan T. Ogbeha	Military	July 1988 – Aug 1990
13	John Ewerekumoh Yeri	Military	Aug 1990 – Aug 1991	Last military governor before state split
14	John E. Yeri	Military	Aug 1991 – Jan 1992	First military governor of Edo State
15	John O. Oyegun	Civilian	Jan 1992 – Nov 1993	First civilian governor of Edo State
16	Mohammed Onuka	Military	Dec 1993 – Sept 1994
17	Bassey Asuquo	Military	Sept 1994 – Aug 1996
18	Baba Adamu Iyam	Military	Aug 1996 – Aug 1998
19	Anthony Onyearugbulem	Military	Aug 1998 – May 1999
20	Lucky Igbinedion	Civilian	May 1999 – May 2007	Two terms as civilian governor under PDP
21	Oserheimen Osunbor	Civilian	May 2007 – Nov 2008	PDP (Election declared invalid in 2008)
22	Adams Oshiomhole	Civilian	Nov 2008 – Nov 2016	ACN/APC
23	Godwin Obaseki	Civilian	Nov 2016 – Nov 2024	APC
24	Monday Okpebholo	Civilian	Nov 2024 – Present	APC (present)

History of Edo State

The area now known as Edo State has a rich history, being home to various empires and kingdoms, including the renowned Benin Empire, which was established in the 11th century AD. Benin City and its surrounding areas are notable for their extensive ancient earthworks, which attest to the region’s historical significance. However, much of this heritage was damaged during the British invasion of 1897, which led to the destruction of parts of the ancient city and its incorporation into the Southern Protectorate of colonial Nigeria.

Edo State is ethnically diverse, comprising groups such as the Edoid people, the Edo (Bini), Akoko Edo, Esan, Etsako, and others. Among these, the Edo dialect is the most widely spoken, particularly in Benin City. Christianity was introduced to the area in the 15th century by Portuguese missionaries, adding to its cultural revolution.

In 1963, the territory became part of the Mid-Western Region of Nigeria, which also included areas now forming Delta State. By 1976, it was renamed Bendel State during Nigeria’s state restructuring. During the Nigerian Civil War (1967–1970), Biafran soldiers briefly occupied the Mid-Western Region, declaring it the Republic of Benin. However, this republic lasted less than 24 hours before being reclaimed by Nigerian forces.

Edo State, as it exists today, was officially created on August 27, 1991, following the division of Bendel State into Edo and Delta States.

Politically, the Oba of Benin remains a central figure in Edo State’s socio-political landscape. The monarch’s influence often extends into political decisions, reflecting the deep respect and cultural significance the Oba holds among the Edo people.

Higher Educational Institutions in Edo State

Edo State is home to various higher education institutions spanning federal, state, and privately owned schools. These institutions offer a wide range of programs and degrees, contributing significantly to the educational development of the region.

Name of Institution	Location	Type	Degrees Awarded
Ambrose Alli University	Ekpoma	Public	Bachelor’s, Master’s, Doctorate
Auchi Polytechnic	Auchi	Federal	National Diploma (ND), HND
Benson Idahosa University	Benin City	Private	Bachelor’s, Master’s, Doctorate
College of Agriculture	Iguoriakhi	State	Diplomas, ND, Certificates
Edo State Polytechnic	Usen	State	ND, HND
College of Education	Ekiadolor	State	Diplomas, Bachelor’s in Education
Edo Technical College	Various Locations	State	Certificates, Diplomas
Edo University, Uzairue	Uzairue	Public	Bachelor’s, Master’s, Doctorate
Igbinedion University	Okada	Private	Bachelor’s, Master’s, Doctorate
Kings Polytechnic	Benin City	Private	ND, HND
Mudiame University	Irrua	Private	Bachelor’s, Master’s, Doctorate
Samuel Adegboyega University	Ogwa	Private	Bachelor’s, Master’s, Doctorate
Shaka Polytechnic	Benin City	Private	ND, HND
University of Benin	Benin City	Federal	Bachelor’s, Master’s, Doctorate
Wellspring University	Benin City	Private	Bachelor’s, Master’s

Minerals & Economy in the Region

Edo State is rich in natural mineral resources, including bitumen, clay, gold, limestone, granite, iron ore, and marble, as well as oil and gas. These resources contribute significantly to the state’s economy. Additionally, key economic sectors include the food, carbonated drinks, and cement processing industries, which are active at various levels throughout the state.

What is the Location of Ebonyi?

Ebonyi is located in the southeastern zone of Nigeria and is part of the Niger Delta region. It shares borders with four states:

• Benue to the north and northeast (where the boundary ends immediately after the Ichelle and Igbe Rivers),
• Abia to the southwest,
• Cross River to the east (after a short drive past the Aloma River).

The state’s coordinates are latitude 6°15′N and longitude 8°05′E.

What is the Land Area and Population?

Ebonyi is a relatively small region with a land area of 2,500 square miles and a modest population. According to the 2006 National Population Census, the state had a population of 2,176,947, ranking it as the 33rd least populous state out of 36 in Nigeria. However, by 2022, Ebonyi’s estimated population had grown to 3,242,500, with a population density of 340 people per square kilometer (km²). This growth moved the state to the 29th position in population ranking among the 36 states. Over 16 years, the state’s population has experienced significant growth.

What Languages Are Spoken in Ebonyi?

Several languages are spoken in Ebonyi State, with Igbo being the primary language. The Igbo language in Ebonyi has various dialects, with up to eleven distinct variations spoken across the state. Below is a list of these dialects:

Afikpo	Edda	Ezaa
Ikwo	Izzi	Kukele
Legbo	Mbembe	Mgbo
Ohofia-Agba	Okposi	Uburu

Topography of the Area

Ebonyi is characterized by varied topography, including hills, valleys, and plateaus. The region features uplands, especially in Abakaliki, the state capital, and in the Izzi settlement.

The state’s rich and fertile agricultural soil supports farming activities. Additionally, the numerous rivers in the region facilitate year-round farming by providing easy access to water for irrigation.

Important Geographical Features

Ebonyi State lies between the Cross Niger Transition Forest in the south and the dry Guinea Savanna mosaic forest in the north. A notable geographical feature is the Aloma River, which flows into the Cross River; both rivers run along the southeastern and eastern boundaries of the state.

The Abonyi River, from which the state derived its name, along with the Eze Aku and Asu Rivers, are significant rivers flowing through the interior of the state, connecting to various tributaries. Additionally, the Ichelle and Igbe rivers in the west are smaller watercourses that mark the boundary between Ebonyi and Benue State.

Vegetation in Ebonyi

The southern part of Ebonyi State is characterized by tropical rainforest, featuring a variety of plants, shrubs, and hardwood trees used for woodworking and other purposes. Oppositely, the northern region is dominated by savanna grassland, with scattered trees amidst grasslands. These areas typically serve as grazing sites for livestock keepers. The diverse vegetation across Ebonyi supports a wide range of agricultural activities.

Climate: Dry and Wet Seasons

Ebonyi State experiences a humid tropical climate with distinct rainy and dry seasons:

• Rainy Season: This begins in June and lasts through September, with July being the peak month. The rainy season is favorable for farming, as the state receives an average annual rainfall of 2,500 mm.
• Dry Season: This occurs from November to March and is characterized by lower humidity and reduced rainfall. Harmattan winds occur between December and January, bringing colder and drier air.

During the hot months, temperatures range between 26°C and 38°C, creating a warm environment for most of the year.

Occupation of the People                                    

The primary occupation of the people of Ebonyi is agriculture. The main crops grown include cassava, yam, maize, potatoes, beans, and rice. Ezzamgo and Effium are notable areas for large-scale cassava production, while rice is also produced in significant quantities.

In addition to agriculture, the state has mineral resources that contribute to local employment. Many residents engage in trade and small-scale businesses, while others participate in the showbiz and entertainment industry.

How Many Local Government Areas Are in Ebonyi State?

Ebonyi State is divided into thirteen Local Government Areas (LGA’s). These are:

Abakaliki	Afikpo North	Afikpo South
Ebonyi	Ezza North	Ezza South
Ikwo	Ishielu	Ivo
Izzi	Ohaozara	Ohaukwu
Onicha

Who Was the First Governor of Ebonyi State?

The first person to govern Ebonyi State was Walter Feghabo, who served as the Military Administrator of the state during General Sani Abacha’s regime. Walter Feghabo took office as Ebonyi State governor on 7th October 1996 and left the government house in August 1998.

After his tenure in Ebonyi, he was appointed the administrator of Delta State, where he served until 29th May 1999, when he handed over to James Onanefe Ibori as part of Nigeria’s transition from military to civilian government under President Olusegun Obasanjo.

Walter Feghabo was born on 15th August 1956 in Warri, Delta State, Nigeria. He spent his early life in Warri, where he completed his primary and secondary education before joining the Nigerian Navy. He rose to the rank of Navy Commander before retiring from the military.

Feghabo served Nigeria diligently, completing his assignments without any significant setbacks or controversies.

Who Is the Current Governor of Ebonyi State?

On May 29, 2023, Francis Ogbonna Nwifuru assumed office as the 6th Governor of Ebonyi State.

Early Life and Education: Francis Nwifuru was born on February 25, 1975. He began his primary education in 1991 at Oferekpe Community School in Ebonyi State and attended the same community secondary school for his secondary education.

He holds a first degree in Building Technology and Woodwork from Ebonyi State University. Additionally, he earned a Master’s degree from Salford University, UK, where he specialized in Procurement, Logistics, and Supply Chain Management.

Political Career: Francis Nwifuru’s first foray into politics was in 2007, when he contested for a seat in the Ebonyi State House of Assembly, representing the Izzi West Constituency. Unfortunately, he did not win that election. However, his loss did not deter him.

In 2011, he contested again and was elected as a member of the Ebonyi State House of Assembly, where he represented Izzi West Constituency. His political journey gained significant momentum, and he was elected Speaker of the Ebonyi State House of Assembly in both 2015 and 2019.

His political influence continued to grow. After his tenure in the state assembly, Nwifuru was elected as the Southeast National Vice Chairman of the Conference of Nigerian State Legislatures.

Governorship: In 2023, Francis Nwifuru took a bold step by running for the governorship of Ebonyi State. His efforts paid off as he won the election and assumed office as Governor.

Who Is the Current Deputy Governor of Ebonyi State?

Patricia Obila is the current Deputy Governor of Ebonyi State. She is a Nigerian politician from the Afikpo North Local Government Area (LGA), where she was born on November 23, 1968. Obila hails from the Igbo ethnic group and she is known for her dedication to public service.

Patricia Obila rose to the position of Deputy Governor due to her selfless service and commitment during her tenure as the Vice Chairman of Afikpo North LGA. In this role, she prioritized community development and the well-being of the local people, serving for two terms.

Her contributions earned her widespread recognition and respect, inspiring the people of Ebonyi to support Francis Ogbonna Nwifuru in the gubernatorial election, which subsequently secured her position as Deputy Governor.

Patricia Obila is a strong advocate for women’s inclusion in active leadership and development. Her commitment to gender equality in governance likely played a role in her success in attaining her current position. She serves as a reminder to political officeholders that the primary purpose of leadership is to represent and serve the people.

All List of Ebonyi State Governors – Till Present

This table contains the names of individuals who have served as governors of Ebonyi State, including both military administrators and civilian governors.

Name	Enter Office	Leave Office	Party
Walter Feghabo	7 Oct 1996	Aug 1998	Military
Simeon Oduoye	Aug 1998	May 1999	Military
Sam Egwu	29 May 1999	29 May 2007	PDP
Martin Elechi	29 May 2007	29 May 2015	PDP
Dave Umahi	29 May 2015	29 May 2023	PDP
Francis Nwifuru	29 May 2023	Incumbent	APC

Higher Institutions in Ebonyi State

In addition to the Federal University Ndufu-Alike Ikwo (FUNAI) and Ebonyi State University (EBSU), there are several other higher institutions in Ebonyi State for aspiring students seeking to expand their educational horizons. Below is a list of these institutions:

Name of Institution	Location	Type	Remarks
Ebonyi State University	Abakaliki	University	Bachelor’s and Master’s degrees
Federal University Ndufu Alike Ikwo	Ikwo	University	Bachelor’s and Master’s degrees
Akanu Ibiam Federal Polytechnic	Unwana, Afikpo	Polytechnic	National Diploma (ND) and Higher National Diploma (HND)
Federal College of Agriculture	Ishiagu	Polytechnic	National Diploma (ND) and Higher National Diploma (HND)
Federal College of Education (Technical)	Isu	Polytechnic	National Diploma (ND) and Higher National Diploma (HND)
Ebonyi State College of Health and Midwifery	Uburu	College	Diploma in Health and Midwifery
King David College of Medicine	Uburu	Private College	Bachelor’s in Medicine and related fields
College of Nursing and Midwifery, Mater Misericordiae Hospital	Afikpo	Private College	Nursing Diploma
School of Nursing and Midwifery, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital	Abakaliki	Federal College	Nursing Diploma
Ebonyi State College of Education	Ikwo	State College	National Certificate in Education (NCE)

Notable People from Ebonyi State

Notable among them is Ayim Pius Ayim, a prominent political figure who has held several offices in Nigeria. He served as the President of the Nigerian Senate from 2000 to 2003. Pius Ayim was born on February 17, 1961. He attended Imo State University and is a lawyer by profession.

Another notable individual is Uche Ewah Azikiwe, the wife of the late Nnamdi Azikiwe, the first President of Nigeria. Apart from being a First Lady, she is an academic scholar with a professorial qualification. Uche Ewah Azikiwe also served as a member of the Central Bank of Nigeria’s Board of Directors in 1991. She was born on February 4, 1947, and hails from the Afikpo area of Ebonyi State.

Additionally, there is the award-winning Nigerian gospel minister, Sinach, whose full name is Osinachi Kalu Okoro Egbu. If you have heard the song “Way Maker,” she is the anointed artist behind this internationally acclaimed gospel worship song. She was born on March 30, 1972, to a father of Afikpo South origin and fellowships at the Christ Embassy denomination.

Also noteworthy are the Nigerian Afrobeat singers Patoranking, whose real name is Patrick Nnaemeka Okorie, and Tekno, whose full name is Augustine Miles Kelechi Okechukwu; both are from Ebonyi State. Tekno was born on December 17, 1990, while Patoranking was born on May 27, 1990.

What Location?

Cross River State is located in the South-South geopolitical zone of Nigeria. It shares national borders with:

• Cameroon to the east
• Akwa Ibom to the west
• Ebonyi and Abia states to the northwest
• Benue State to the north

Cross River is approximately between latitudes 4.5° N and 5.5° N and longitudes 7.5° E and 9.5° E. Additionally, it is located north of the equator.

Geographical Features

The Cross River, from which the state derives its name, is one of the most notable geographical features that visitors can easily recognize upon entering the state. This river divides the state and serves as its western border. The Calabar and Kwa Rivers are other important rivers; they flow through the Oban Hills and into Calabar City before entering the Cross River Estuary.

Cross River lies between the savanna mosaic Guinea forest and the Sanaga coastal forest. To the extreme south is the Central African mangrove, while the northeast features the Cameroonian montane forest. The state also boasts wildlife reserves such as the Cross River National Park and Afi Wildlife Sanctuary. In these reserves, you’ll find various animals, including African buffalo, red colobus monkeys, West African crocodiles, bat hawks, and tree pangolins. Notably, some of the last remaining species of Nigeria/Cameroon chimpanzees, Cross River gorillas, and African forest elephants can also be found here.

Climate of the Area

The climatic conditions in Cross River are similar to those of many other Nigerian states, as it experiences a tropical climate. The average temperature ranges from 15°C to 30°C, but temperatures can fluctuate throughout the state. Particularly in the Obudu Plateau, due to its high elevation above sea level, temperatures fluctuate between 4°C and 10°C. The rainy season starts in March and ends in November, transitioning into the dry season, which lasts until March of the following year. The state experiences an average annual rainfall of between 2,000 mm and 3,000 mm, with daily average temperatures ranging from 15°C to 25°C.

What’s the Population?

According to the National Population Commission, the population of Cross River State in 2006 was estimated at 2.9 million, ranking it 27th among the 36 states in Nigeria in terms of population size. By 2022, the estimated population had increased to approximately 3.7 million, placing Cross River 26th among the states. Comparing the two figures shows that the state’s population has grown, though not by a significant margin. The next census will provide a clearer insight into whether the state is under populated or overpopulated.

Languages Spoken

Cross River State is home to a diverse range of native languages, featuring up to 50 different dialects. Some areas speak Tiv, which has the majority of its speakers in the northern region, while the Igbo dialect is spoken by people from the eastern parts. British English remains the official language of communication in both private and governmental organizations. However, Efik is the most common local dialect, and Ejagham is also prevalent in the central and northern areas of the state. Additionally, people in the LGA widely speak Bekwarra. A list of other languages spoken in the LGAs is provided below.

How Many LGA’s?

Cross River State is currently divided into 18 local government areas (LGAs). See the list and the corresponding dialects spoken in each area.

S/N	Local Government Area
1	Abi
2	Akamkpa
3	Akpabuyo
4	Bekwarra
5	Bakassi
6	Biase
7	Boki
8	Calabar Municipal
9	Calabar South
10	Etung
11	Ikom
12	Obanliku
13	Obubra
14	Obudu
15	Odukpani
16	Ogoja
17	Yakurr
18	Yala

Culture in Cross River State                              

The different ethnic groups present in Cross River State make the cultural heritage of the land rich and diverse. One notable aspect of these people is their love for festivals. Particularly in the month of December, the state features two distinct festivals: the Float Festival, which takes place every 27th of December, followed by the State Christmas Festival, celebrated on 31st of December annually.

Additionally, the Yakurr people celebrate their Yam Festival on 28th August each year, and the Igede New Yam Festival is celebrated across three different towns: Bekwarra, Obanliku, and Obudu. This festival is held on the first Saturday of September annually. The cultural diversity also extends to the Annong people, whose festivities include cultural dances, with Ikpobin being one of the top dances, alongside others like Obam, Etam, and more.

These festival highlights show that Cross River is a place of rich cultural values.

Who Was The First Governor Of Cross River?

The state has experienced many rulers since its creation in 1967, but the very first person to govern Cross River was Udokaha Jacob Esuene. He served as a military administrator, a title typically used for governors under the military regime. Jacob’s administration began in 1967 and lasted until 1975 when the state was known as Southeastern State. Udokaha Esuene was born in 1936 to an Ibibio father. He rose to the position through an appointment by General Yakubu Gowon. Before becoming governor, he was a fighter pilot. His political career suffered a setback in 1975 when General Murtala Mohammed dismissed him from office, but he later regained his position under Ibrahim Babangida, the then military president of Nigeria.

Who is the Current Governor of Cross River State?

Bassey Edet Otu is the current governor of Cross River State. Otu won the 2023 gubernatorial election and assumed office on May 29, 2023. He will serve a four-year term and may have another opportunity to remain in office if re-elected in 2027.

Bassey Otu began his political career as a senator in the Federal Republic of Nigeria from June 6, 2011, to June 6, 2015. During this time, he represented the Cross River South Senatorial District. While in the Senate, he chaired the Senate Committee on Banking and the Financial Industry, as well as the Committee on Power, Petroleum, and Water Resources, among others. Due to his political strength, President Muhammadu Buhari appointed Otu to his cabinet to serve under the National Health Insurance Scheme.

In addition to his political offices, Bassey Edet Otu was a former member of the House of Representatives, representing the Calabar Municipality/Odukpani Federal Constituency from 2003 to 2011.

The governor was born on October 18, 1959, and hails from Odukpani Local Government Area. He spent his childhood in both Calabar and Jos. He holds a B.Sc. degree from the University of Calabar. Before joining Nigerian politics, his early career was in the banking and oil sectors.

Who Is the Current Deputy Governor of Cross River State?

The current deputy governor of Cross River State is Peter Odey. He was born on June 2, 1974, in Cross River State and grew up there. He completed his primary and secondary education in Ogoja and obtained his first degree in the state. Odey holds a bachelor’s degree in Sociology from the University of Calabar (UNICAL) and later pursued further studies abroad. In 2002, he traveled to Belgium to study Political Sociology at the Catholic University of Leuven. He also obtained an MSc in International Relations during his time abroad.

Odey’s political career has been diverse, with several leadership positions held during his time at UNICAL, including roles in the Students’ Union Government (SUG). He continued to display leadership skills during his National Youth Service Corps (NYSC) year, where he served as the CLO (Corps Liaison Officer) for his batch.

Odey’s political journey has not been without challenges, as he faced setbacks in several attempts to run for the Ogoja Local Government Area and the Cross River State House of Assembly. However, his breakthrough came in 2015, when he was elected to represent Ogoja at the Cross River State House of Assembly, a position he was re-elected to in 2019. His political fortunes reached new heights when he was selected as Bassey Otu’s running mate in the 2023 governorship election, which they won, making him the deputy governor of the state.

Who are the Past Governors of Cross River State?

Like every other state in Nigeria, Cross River has had both past and present governors who have been in charge of the state’s administration. In addition to civilian government, the state has also experienced military rule. Below is a list of the governors, including their names, titles, years in office, and party affiliation.

Name and Title	Start Office	End Office	Party
Uduokaha Esuene (Governor)	28 May 1967	Jul 1975	Military
Paul Omu (Governor)	3 Feb 1976	Jul 1978	Military
Babatunde Elegbede   (Governor)	Jul 1978	Oct 1979	Military
Clement Isong (Governor)	Oct 1979	Oct 1983	NPN
Donald Etiebet (Governor)	Oct 1983	Dec 1983	NPN
Dan Archibong (Governor)	May 1984	1986	Military
Eben I. Princewill (Governor)	1986	Dec 1989	Military
Ernest Attah (Governor)	Dec 1989	Jan 1992	Military
Clement Ebri (Governor)	Jan 1992	Nov 1993	NRC
Ibrahim Kefas (Administrator)	9 Dec 1993	14 Sep 1994	Military
Gregory Agboneni (Administrator)	14 Sep 1994	22 Aug 1996	Military
Umar F. Ahmed (Administrator)	22 Aug 1996	Aug 1998	Military
Christopher Osondu (Administrator)	Aug 1998	May 1999	Military
Donald Duke (Governor)	29 May 1999	29 May 2007	PDP
Liyel Imoke (Governor)	29 May 2007	29 May 2015	PDP
Benedict Ayade (Governor)	29 May 2015	29 May 2023	APC
Bassey Otu (Governor)	29 May 2023	Present	APC

Higher Institutions in Cross River State

With the number of higher institutions, Cross River is an educational hub. Aspiring students can choose from the list of options below:

Name	Type	Remark
University of Calabar	Federal	Established in 1975, offers undergraduate and postgraduate degrees in various fields including arts, social sciences, sciences, and education.
University of Cross River State (UNICROSS)	State	State-owned, located in Okuku, offers degree programs in management, sciences, arts, and education.
College of Health Technology	State	Located in Calabar, offers health-related programs and awards diplomas and certificates in nursing, medical laboratory science, and public health.
Ibrahim Babangida College of Agriculture	State	Located in Obubra, offers programs in animal husbandry, crop production, and agricultural technology.
Cross River State College of Education	State	State-owned, located in Akamkpa, offers education programs and awards NCE certificates for aspiring teachers.
Federal College of Education, Obudu	Federal	Offers NCE programs and vocational training in education and other disciplines.
Polytechnic Ugep	State	Located in Yakurr, offers HND and ND programs in technology, business, and engineering fields.
Arthur Jarvis University, Akpabuyo	Private	Offers undergraduate programs in arts, sciences, law, and management.

 

Geographical Features

In the geographical assessment, Borno is located between the semi-desert Sahelian savannah in the north and the West Sudanian savannah, which stretches to the southeast along the Mandara Plateau.

Another significant feature is Lake Chad, accompanied by the waterlogged savannah in the extreme northeast. The Yobe River, which feeds into the flooded savannah of Lake Chad, serves as a natural border between the state and Niger.

Notably, the expansive Chad Basin National Park is situated in the central part of the state. This park is home to diverse wildlife, including the patas monkey, spotted hyena, roan antelope, black-crowned crane, and the last remaining population of Nigeria’s bush elephants.

Additionally, the Sambisa Forest is part of the Lake Chad Park. It was occupied by Boko Haram during the insurgency in the early 2010s, which caused many animals to flee the area. Unfortunately, recent flooding in Borno has impacted this park, raising concerns about the survival of these animals.

Population of Borno State

Unfortunately, Borno lacks documented population records from the last census held in 2006 due to ongoing insecurity in the region. The inability to access certain areas of the state made data collection incomplete, and no official census figure was allocated to Borno. However, in 2022, the estimated population of the state was approximately 6,111,500, ranking it as the twelfth largest out of Nigeria’s 36 states.

Despite being the second largest in land area among the 36 states, Borno is relatively less populous. Based on the 2022 estimated population, the state has a population density of 86 people per square kilometer (220 per square mile), indicating a sparse distribution. This sparse population is likely a result of the insecurity affecting the northern states, which has forced many residents to migrate to neighboring states or countries in search of safety and settlement.

How Is The Climate?

The climate conditions in Borno differ significantly from those in the southeastern states. Borno experiences variable rainfall, with the rainy season beginning in June or July, compared to the southeastern states, where it starts earlier. Rainfall in Borno is distinct and has a short cycle, lasting only five months each year.

Additionally, the northeastern states experience harmattan from December to February. The region also has relatively high humidity levels year-round. January is the coldest month, with an average annual temperature of 28 degrees Celsius, while May is the hottest month, with an average temperature of 34 degrees Celsius. August is the wettest month in Borno, with an average rainfall of 118.6 mm.

Overall, the climate in Borno is notably different from that of the southeastern states.

How Many Languages?

The Nigerian state of Borno has several local dialects. In particular, the Mandara language has numerous variations spoken by the people living in the Mandara Mountain settlements. However, in the northeastern part of Borno, Kanuri is the predominant language. The Hausa language is widely spoken across the state, especially in urban areas, serving as a common means of communication. Another prominent language is Shuwa Arabic, spoken in the northern part of the state near the borders of Chad and Cameroon. Borno is a region of vast linguistic diversity, with the three most widely spoken languages being Kanuri, Hausa, and Shuwa Arabic.

What Do The People Do for a Living?

In rural or remote areas, agriculture is the primary occupation. Livestock farming and crop cultivation are the major sources of livelihood. Agricultural products once formed a significant part of Borno’s economy, especially before the Boko Haram insurgency, which forced many farmers to abandon their farmlands. This disruption has led to food shortages in the region, contributing to scarcity across the nation, as Borno was previously a key food supplier for the country.

In urban areas, people are engaged in various occupations, including commerce and trading. Maiduguri, the state capital, serves as a hub of trade and commerce.

Religion in Borno

Borno is characterized by religious diversity. Approximately 80 percent of the population is Muslim, while around 12 percent are Christians. The remaining 7 percent adhere to traditional beliefs, predominantly in the southern settlements.

How Many Local Government Areas?

Borno State has 27 local government areas. See the list below:

LGA	LGA	LGA
Abadam	Askira/Uba	Bama
Bayo	Biu	Chibok
Damboa	Dikwa	Gubio
Guzamala	Gwoza	Hawul
Jere	Kaga	Kala/Balge
Konduga	Kukawa	Kwaya Kusar
Mafa	Magumeri	Maiduguri
Marte	Mobbar	Monguno
Ngala	Nganzai	Shani

Borno State’s First Military Governor

Borno had a military officer, Musa Usman, as the first governor of the state when it was part of the former North-Eastern State. Musa served as a military administrator, unlike civilian governors in a democratic system. During his tenure, some notable developments in the state included the establishment of a cement plant, Ashaka Cement, which began operations on July 19, 1979.

Musa Usman also participated in peace talks regarding the settlement of the border dispute between Cameroon and Nigeria in 1975. However, he was believed to have been an active participant in the military coup that ousted Nigeria’s head of state, Aguiyi-Ironsi, in 1966, which resulted in Yakubu Gowon being installed as head of state.

By 1976, Musa Usman became an advocate for the military to transfer power to a civilian government. Notably, he studied overseas at the Royal Military Academy in England. After retiring as a Brigadier, he embarked on a new career at the Bank of the North, where he served as a director.

Current Governor of Borno State

Babagana Umara Zulum is the current executive governor of Borno State. He is a Nigerian professor and politician. Zulum was born on August 25, 1969, in Mafa, Borno State. He completed his primary education at Mafa Primary School in 1980. Between 1980 and 1985, Zulum attended Monguno Government Secondary School, and later obtained his first degree in Agricultural Engineering from the University of Maiduguri in 1985. He also earned a master’s degree in the same field from the University of Ibadan and completed a PhD in Soil and Water Engineering from the University of Maiduguri.

In his early career, Zulum worked at the Borno State Ministry of Agriculture. He was appointed Senior Field Officer in 1990 with the Unified Local Government Service and later worked as a Water Engineer in the same organization. Additionally, he worked in the education sector as an assistant lecturer at the University of Maiduguri in 2000, eventually attaining the rank of professor. He also served as the Deputy Dean of the Faculty of Engineering in 2010 and as the Acting Dean in 2011.

While maintaining his teaching position at the University of Maiduguri, he was appointed Rector of Ramat Polytechnic. Zulum’s political career began in 2015 when he became a commissioner under Kashim Shettima’s government. He later won the governorship election in Borno State in 2019 and assumed office on May 29, 2019.

Current Deputy Governor of Borno State

The current deputy governor of Borno State is Umar Usman Kadafur. Professionally, he is a public administrator and Nigerian politician. Kadafur was born on May 31, 1976, and hails from Biu Local Government Area. After completing his early education at Mbulamel Primary School, he earned his Senior Secondary School Certificate (SSSC) from Monguno Government Secondary School (GSS). He pursued a degree in Public Administration at the University of Maiduguri.

While there is little information about his career before entering politics, he assumed office as the Deputy Governor of Borno State on May 29, 2019, under the APC party, alongside Governor Babagana Umara Zulum.

List of All Governors and Administrator of Borno State

Name	Took Office	Left Office	Party
Musa Usman (Governor)	28 May 1967	Jul 1975	Military
Muhammadu Buhari (Governor)	Jul 1975	Mar 1976	Military
Mustapha A. Amin (Governor)	Mar 1976	Jul 1978	Military
Tunde Idiagbon (Governor)	Jul 1978	Oct 1979	Military
Mohammed Goni (Governor)	Oct 1979	Oct 1983	GNPP
Asheik Jarma (Governor)	1 Oct 1983	31 Dec 1983	NPN
Abubakar Waziri (Governor)	Jan 1984	Aug 1985	Military
Abdulmumini Aminu (Governor)	Aug 1985	Dec 1987	Military
Abdul One Mohammed  (Governor)	Dec 1987	Dec 1989	Military
Mohammed Maina (Governor)	Dec 1989	Jun 1990	Military
Mohammed Buba Marwa (Governor)	Jun 1990	Jan 1992	Military
Maina Maaji Lawan  (Governor)	Jan 1992	Nov 1993	SDP
Ibrahim Dada (Administrator)	9 Dec 1993	22 Aug 1996	Military
Victor Ozodinobi  (Administrator)	22 Aug 1996	1997	Military
Augustine Aniebo (Administrator)	1997	Aug 1998	Military
Lawal Haruna (Administrator)	Aug 1998	May 1999	Military
Mala Kachalla (Governor)	29 May 1999	29 May 2003	APP
Ali Modu Sheriff (Governor)	29 May 2003	29 May 2011	ANPP
Kashim Shettima (Governor)	29 May 2011	29 May 2019	APC
Babagana Umara Zulum (Governor)	29 May 2019	Incumbent	APC

Higher Institutions in Borno State

If you plan to further your higher education in Borno State, there are many institutional options available. These include universities, polytechnics, colleges, and military schools that offer degrees. Check out the institutions in Borno State below:

Institution Type	Institution Name	Remark
Federal Institutions	University of Maiduguri,	Offers both undergraduate and postgraduate programs.
	Nigerian Army University, Biu	Offers military and civilian programs in security studies and technology.
	Federal Polytechnic Monguno, Monguno	Offers diploma programs in various technical fields.
	Federal University of Agricultural Technology, Damboa	Provides agricultural and technology-related programs.
State Institutions	Borno State University, Maiduguri	Offers various undergraduate and postgraduate programs.
	Mohammed Goni College of Legal & Islamic Studies, Maiduguri	Offers programs in legal and Islamic studies.
	Maiduguri College of Nursing and Midwifery, Maiduguri	Focuses on nursing and midwifery programs.
	Mohamet Lawan College of Agriculture, Maiduguri	Provides agricultural courses and training.
Private Institutions	Al-Ansar University, Maiduguri	Offers undergraduate programs with a focus on Islamic studies and other fields.

How to Travel to Borno

• Wherever you are, ask for the nearest park where you can board a vehicle going to Borno State. You can also take a train if you’re in a location with train services connecting to Borno State.

Landmass and Population

Benue State covers a total land area of approximately 34,059 square kilometers (13,150 square miles). According to the 2006 census, the population of Benue was estimated at 4,253,641, ranking it as the 11th most populous state in Nigeria. By 2022, the population had risen to an estimated 6,141,300, making it the 7th most populous state.

This rapid population growth indicates that Benue may face challenges related to overpopulation in the near future.

Climate of The State

Benue State experiences a tropical wet and dry climate. The average annual temperature ranges between 77°F and 95°F. The wet or rainy season begins in April and extends through October, with the heaviest rainfall occurring in June and September. Conversely, the dry season spans November to March, characterized by low humidity and minimal precipitation. The dry season also includes the Harmattan period, during which dry, dusty winds prevail.

Occupation of The People

Agriculture is the primary source of income for the people of Benue State, with over 60% of the population engaged in farming. This has significantly boosted the state’s economy. Benue is a major producer of agricultural products in Nigeria. Its fertile land supports the cultivation of food crops such as yam, cassava, maize, beans, millet, and vegetables, as well as cash crops like tomatoes, melon, pepper, African pear, and palm oil. Additionally, the state is a significant contributor to Nigeria’s animal products, including chicken, goat, poultry, pork, and beef.

Culture of Benue

The culture of Benue State is a defining aspect of its identity, showcasing the lifestyle and traditions of its diverse people. Each ethnic group is distinct, identifiable through their colorful traditional attire, masquerades, music, and dances. The traditional dances of Benue, such as Ange, Ogirinya, Anchanakupa, and Ingyough, have earned recognition both locally and internationally.

Notable cultural festivals include the Alekwu Festival, celebrated by the Idoma people, during which they believe their ancestors reunite with the living in the form of masquerades. Another significant celebration is the Igede Agba, the Yam Festival of the Igede people, held every September. The Tiv Swange dance competition further highlights the state’s cultural vibrancy, making Benue a hub of rich traditions and heritage.

How Many Languages?

Benue State is culturally diverse, with up to 40 local languages. The most common is Idoma, spoken in the southern region, followed by Tiv, predominant among the Tiv people in the central region. Ebira is also widely spoken by the Ebira ethnic group in the west, near the boundary with Kogi State. A full list of dialects is available in the LGAs section.

Local Government Areas

Benue State has 23 LGAs, each associated with specific local languages, as listed below:

Local Government Area	Language(s) Spoken
Ado	Idoma
Agatu	Idoma
Apa	Idoma
Buruku	Gbiri-Ndiome
Gboko	Tiv
Guma	Tiv
Gwer-East	Tiv
Gwer-West	Tiv
Katsina-Ala	Tiv
Konshisha	Tiv
Kwande	Tiv
Logo	Tiv
Makurdi	Idoma and Tiv
Obi	Idoma
Ogbadibo	Idoma
Ohimini	Idoma
Oju	Idoma
Okpokwu	Idoma
Otukpo	Idoma
Tarka	Tiv
Ushongo	Tiv
Vandeikya	Tiv
Zaki-Biam	Tiv

Who Was The First Governor Of Benue State?

Benue State was first ruled by a pioneer military governor, often referred to as an administrator, and Abdullahi Shelleng was the first person to govern Benue. He assumed office on February 3, 1976, and served until July 1978.

Shelleng was born in Gongola State, which is now part of Adamawa State, on January 20, 1942. After completing his primary and secondary education, Abdullahi gained admission to the Nigerian Defense Academy (NDA) in 1962 for a brief period before graduating from the Military Academy, Pakistan in 1965.

As a learned individual, Abdullahi Shelleng began his career as a Second Lieutenant in 1965. He played an active role in the Nigerian Civil War as a commander. He was later promoted to Colonel after completing a military course at the Command and General Staff College in Kansas. Shelleng was then posted to the Nigerian Army Headquarters, 2nd Infantry Division in Ibadan to serve hos father’s land.

His tenure as governor came through an appointment by General Murtala Mohammed, then head of state. However, being a governor was not without challenges, as he faced the task of governing a state with diverse ethnic groups, which proved difficult to manage. Despite these challenges, he left a positive legacy, having successfully erected house’s for the many civil servants in the state. He also founded the Murtala College of Art, Science, and Technology. His influence brought a brewery to Benue State, and he also established other industries, such as the Burnt Brick Industry in Otukpo and a sanitary ware establishment in Idah.

While he made positive contributions to the state, Abdullahi Shelleng was also criticized for abandoning some of the establishments that he had initiated and failed to complete.

Who Is The Governor Of Benue State?

On May 29, 2024, Hyacinth Aliat took office at the Benue Government House as the current governor. He is the sixteenth person to serve as governor since the creation of the state. Elected under the APC party, he became the governor of the state.

His early life began in Vandeikya, a local government area in Benue, where he was born on May 15, 1966. He attended St. Francis Primary School in Gboko and then proceeded to St. James Minor Seminary. After graduating, he gained admission into St. Augustine Major Seminary to study Religious Studies, earning a diploma in 1987. The governor also obtained a BA in Sacred Theology from the same institution in 1990.

Hyacinth Aliat furthered his education at Fordham University, New York, where he completed a master’s course in Physiology and Counseling. Additionally, at Duquesne University, he obtained an MSc and a Doctorate in Biomedical Ethics in 2005.

While still focused on his studies, he had already begun his career. He was ordained a Catholic priest on July 7, 1990. As such, he is both a servant of God and the current governor of Benue State.

Who Is The Deputy Governor Of Benue State?

Samuel Ode, the running mate of Hyacinth Aliat, is the current Deputy Governor of Benue State. By profession, he is a lawyer and a politician. Samuel’s life began in Edikwu, Benue, where he was born on November 7, 1968. He started his primary school in 1974 and graduated in 1980. In Otukpo, he attended Wesley High School, obtained his secondary school results, and studied law at the Polytechnic of Benue State, graduating in 1987. He also graduated with a Bachelor of Theatre Arts from the University of Jos and later attended the Nigerian Law School, graduating in 2017. Samuel was subsequently called to the bar in 2019.

Samuel’s political career began in 2002 when he served as Secretary of the National Democratic Party. He later became the Special Adviser to George Akume, a former Governor of the state, before taking the position of Chairman of Otukpo Local Government. Gabriel Suswam also appointed him as Special Adviser on Local Government Areas and Chieftaincy Affairs. He then joined the Goodluck Jonathan administration as Minister of Niger Delta Affairs, among other roles, before becoming the Deputy Governor of Benue State in 2024.

Governors of Benue State to Date

The list of Benue State governors includes both military and civilian administrators.

Name	Party	Took Office	Left Office
Abdullahi Shelleng (Governor)	Military	Mar 1976	Jul 1978
Adebayo Lawal (Governor)	Military	Jul 1978	Oct 1979
Aper Aku (Governor)	NPN	Oct 1979	Dec 1983
John Kpera (Governor)	Military	Jan 1984	Aug 1985
Jonah David Jang (Governor)	Military	Aug 1985	Aug 1986
Yohanna Madaki (Governor)	Military	Aug 1986	Sep 1986
Ishaya Bakut (Governor)	Military	Sep 1986	1987
Idris Garba (Governor)	Military	1987	1987
Fidelis Makka (Governor)	Military	Dec 1987	Jan 1992
Moses Adasu  (Governor)	SDP	Jan 1992	Nov 1993
Joshua O. Obademi (Administrator)	Military	Dec 1993	Aug 1996
Aminu Isa Kontagora (Administrator)	Military	Aug 1996	Aug 1998
Dominic Oneya (Administrator)	Military	Aug 1998	May 1999
George Akume (Governor)	PDP	May 1999	May 2007
Gabriel Suswam (Governor)	PDP	May 2007	May 2015
Samuel Ortom (Governor)	PDP	May 2015	May 2023
Rev. Fr. Hyacinth Alia (Governor)	APC	May 2023	Incumbent

Educational Institute in Benue

Benue State prioritizes education, with several higher institutions contributing to its progress. The state boasts two universities: Benue State University and Joseph Sarwuan Tarka University. It also has two state polytechnics: Akawe Torkula Polytechnic and Benue State Polytechnic, Ugbokolo. Additionally, there is a College of Education in Katsina-Ala and the privately-owned University of Mkar. The universities offer degree courses, the polytechnics award diplomas, and the College of Education provides NCE qualifications.

Who Is The Richest Man In Benue State?

Though there are many rich and successful people from Benue State across diverse business fields, there isn’t much information about the richest person. However, some of these notable individuals are worth a significant fortune.

John Dyegh’s net worth is estimated to be several billions of naira. He is a Nigerian politician, businessman, and philanthropist.

Chief Kassa Andonka, a Nigerian who once served as the Attorney General of Nigeria, has also amassed wealth from the legal, real estate, agricultural sectors, and the political sphere. His net worth is estimated to be in the billions of naira.

Dr. Samuel Ortom is another of the richest people from Benue. Before becoming the governor of the state, serving two terms, which boosted his wealth, he was a successful businessman in farming, transportation, and the printing press industries. He is considered a billionaire.

Dr. Paul Enenche also falls within the realm of billionaires in terms of net worth. He is a medical doctor and businessman with ventures in various sectors, including education, healthcare, and others. Above all, Dr. Paul is a dedicated servant of God and the senior pastor of Dunamis Gospel International Church (Glory Dome) in Abuja. He is also a philanthropist and charitable individual.

Terry Waya is a high-profile Nigerian living an extravagant lifestyle. His investments are deeply rooted in real estate both in Nigeria and abroad, particularly in the United Kingdom, where he is known to live a flamboyant lifestyle. His presence in property development has contributed to his wealth, making him one of the wealthiest businessmen from Benue. His net worth is estimated to be in billions of naira, although no verified source has disclosed his exact worth.

Frequently Asked Questions

Who discovered the River Niger and River Benue?

• The River Niger, which is the third longest river in West Africa, was first explored and discovered by Mungo Park in 1796. Park, a Scottish explorer, was the first to write about the Niger River, though he was tragically killed during his exploration. The River Benue, on the other hand, was first discovered by Eduard Robert Flegel, a German geographer, in 1879.

When was Benue State created?

• Benue State was established on February 3, 1976, by General Murtala Mohammed.

How many local government areas are in Benue State?

• Benue State has 23 local government areas, each overseen by a chairman.

Geographic Features

Bayelsa is characterized by its extensive wetlands and river systems. Many communities in the state are surrounded by water, with some buildings constructed on stilts or floating, making road access challenging. The region features tropical rainforests with diverse vegetation, including trees, grasses, and shrubs. It also includes vast mangrove swamps and delta terrain, which are flat, low-lying areas susceptible to flooding during the rainy season.

The Edumanom Forest Reserve, notable for its chimpanzee population, is a key attraction for wildlife enthusiasts. Additionally, the state’s economy is significantly supported by its abundant oil and natural gas resources. The region is also dotted with numerous creeks and illegal bunkering sites, where crude oil is processed into petroleum products and by-products.

What is The Land Area?

Bayelsa is the 27th largest state out of 36 in Nigeria, with a land area of 10,773 square kilometers, representing 1.17% of Nigeria’s total land area.

What is The Population Size?

According to the 2006 census conducted by the National Population Commission, Bayelsa had a population of 1,704,515. By 2022, the population was estimated at 2,537,400, making it the least populous state in Nigeria. This represents a population increase of approximately 832,885 people between 2006 and 2022.

Projections indicate that by 2038, the population may reach an estimated 3,337,400, accounting for both natural growth and migration.

Note: Bayelsa is ranked 36th in population among the 36 states in Nigeria.

Languages in Bayelsa

The riverine state’s indigenous peoples speak several local dialects, such as Ijaw, Southeast Ijo, Kolokuma, and others. Among these, Ijaw is the most widely spoken. In the southern parts of Bayelsa, the Ijo language predominates. Additionally, in the Sagbama Local Government Area (LGA), you will find speakers of the Urhobo language, while Isoko is spoken in some other parts of the state.

Bayelsa is, therefore, a multilingual region with a rich tapestry of local dialects.

Local Government Areas

The LGA’s divide the state’s population into strata for easy identification of where indigenes originate, which are listed below along with the languages spoken in each LGA:

LGA	Languages/Dialects Spoken
Brass	Abureni, Southeast Ijo, Ogbia, Kugbo
Ekeremor	Izon
Kolokuma Opokuma	Kolokuma
Nembe	Abureni, Ijaw Nembe
Ogbia	Abureni, Odual, Ogbia, Oruma, Southeast Ijo
Sagbama	Buseni, Ogbah, Izon, Okodia, Isoko, Urhobo
Southern Ijaw	Southeast Ijo, Izon
Yenagoa	Ekpeye, Izon, and others

Religion in the State

The majority of Bayelsans practice Christianity and indigenous African religions. Islam is also present but less prevalent compared to the other two religions. Bayelsa is home to the Catholic Diocese of Bomadi, which serves a large congregation of Catholic worshippers. Additionally, there are numerous Pentecostal and new-generation churches where people worship in various locations across the state. Religious freedom is upheld, allowing individuals to practice their chosen faith without restrictions.

Occupation of the People

The primary occupations of Bayelsans include agriculture, fishing, and oil and gas extraction. The region is suitable for cultivating crops such as cassava, yam, maize, plantain, and sugarcane. Oil palm and timber are also widely grown in this riverine state. Although rice farming could be viable, it requires substantial investment to thrive.

Fishing is a significant livelihood due to the coastal and waterlogged nature of the environment. Many Bayelsans are engaged in the oil and gas sector, either directly through employment in oil-producing communities or indirectly through opportunities created by the industry.

Despite being an oil-rich state, poverty persists in Bayelsa due to Nigeria’s fiscal federalism, which governs resource sharing. Another significant challenge is oil spills, which pollute water bodies, harm aquatic life, and disrupt farming activities.

Who Was The First Governor Of Bayelsa State?

Phillip Oladipo Ayeni was the first military administrator of Bayelsa State. A captain in the Nigerian Navy, he governed the state from February 1996 to April 21, 1997. Born in 1949, Ayeni passed away due to illness.

Despite his untimely death, Ayeni left a lasting legacy by laying the foundation for the state’s development through the policies and programs he initiated. Although he did not live to witness the full impact of his work, the subsequent growth and progress of Bayelsa stand as a testament to the solid groundwork he established. Ayeni set the bedrock for the development that Bayelsans enjoy today.

Who Is the Governor of Bayelsa State?

Douye Diri is the current governor of Bayelsa State. He assumed office on February 14, 2020.

Born on June 4, 1959, Diri hails from the Kolokuma/Opokuma Local Government Area of Bayelsa State. He is a Nigerian politician with a strong academic and political background.

Diri completed his primary education in 1977 at Rev. Proctor Memorial Primary School. He went on to finish his secondary education at Government Secondary School, Odi, and later obtained a National Certificate in Education (NCE) from the College of Education, Port Harcourt, Rivers State. He also holds a bachelor’s degree in Political Science from the University of Port Harcourt (UNIPORT).

Diri became the governor of Bayelsa State after the Supreme Court nullified the election of David Lyon, the winner of the 2019 governorship election. The court ruled that Lyon’s running mate had submitted false documents to the Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC). As a result, the Supreme Court directed that Douye Diri be issued a certificate of return, making him the governor of the state.

Before becoming governor, Diri served as a senator representing the Bayelsa Central Senatorial District in the 9th Assembly from 2019 to 2020.

Who Is the Deputy Governor of Bayelsa State?

Lawrence O. Ewhrudjakpo is the current Deputy Governor of Bayelsa State. He previously served as a senator in the 9th National Assembly from 2019 to 2020, representing the Bayelsa West Senatorial District.

Born on September 5, 1965, in the Sagbama Local Government Area (part of the Eastern Region), Ewhrudjakpo completed his primary education in 1976 and later finished his secondary education at Bomadi Government School. After obtaining his Senior School Certificate, he studied Community Health at the College of Health in Port Harcourt, Rivers State, where he earned a diploma.

Ewhrudjakpo furthered his education by earning a Bachelor of Science degree in Secretarial Administration in 1998 from the Rivers State University of Science and Technology. He also obtained a Law degree from the same university in 2007, after completing a Master of Business Administration (MBA) in 2000. He is also a holder of a PhD.

His political career began when he served as a senator. In 2019, he was the running mate to Douye Diri, but they initially lost to David Lyon. However, following a Supreme Court ruling that invalidated David Lyon’s victory due to issues with his credentials, Douye Diri was reinstated as governor, and Lawrence Oborawharievwo Ewhrudjakpo assumed office as the Deputy Governor of Bayelsa State.

List of All Bayelsa Governors Till Date

The list consist both military administrator and civilian governors

Name	Start Tenure	End Tenure	Party
Phillip Ayeni	7 Oct 1996	28 Feb 1997	Mil
Habu Daura	28 Feb 1997	27 Jun 1997	Mil
Omoniyi Caleb Olubolade	27 Jun 1997	9 Jul 1998	Mil
Paul Obi	9 Jul 1998	29 May 1999	Mil
Diepreye Alamieyeseigha	29 May 1999	9 Dec 2005	PDP
Goodluck Jonathan	9 Dec 2005	29 May 2007	PDP
Timipre Sylva	29 May 2007	16 Apr 2008	PDP
Werinipre Seibarugo	16 Apr 2008	27 May 2008
Timipre Sylva	27 May 2008	27 Jan 2012	PDP
Nestor Binabo	27 Jan 2012	14 Feb 2012
Henry Dickson	14 Feb 2012	14 Feb 2020	PDP
Duoye Diri	14 Feb 2020	Present	PDP

Higher Institutions in Bayelsa State

Bayelsa is home to government-approved and accredited universities, a polytechnic, and a college of education. These institutions were established to ensure that Bayelsans, as well as individuals from other states, have access to quality education. People from other states are also admitted to these higher institutions if they meet the admission requirements, making the state a hub for academic excellence. Below is an overview of the key learning institutions in Bayelsa State:

Name	Type	Remark
Bayelsa Medical University (BMU)	State	Offers medical courses designed to train healthcare professionals in the Niger Delta.
Federal University Otuoke (FUO)	Federal	Established in 2011, it provides undergraduate and postgraduate courses across disciplines.
Niger Delta University (NDU)	State	Located on Wilberforce Island, offers programs in arts, sciences, and social sciences.
University of Africa, Toru Orua (UAT)	State	Founded in 2016, it provides programs in humanities, management sciences, natural sciences, social sciences, and engineering.
Federal Polytechnic Ekowe	Federal	Focuses on technology and related disciplines, equipping students with practical skills.
Isaac Jasper Adaka Boro College of Education	State	Specializes in educational programs for aspiring teachers and educators.

Governorship Election and Results

As a state in a democratic republic, Bayelsa operates a party system that produces qualified candidates from each political party. Each party has established criteria for selecting its flagbearer in governorship elections. Based on these criteria, parties organize primary elections for candidates who purchase nomination forms and meet the necessary requirements as outlined by the party.

To become a candidate representing the People’s Democratic Party (PDP) or All Progressives Congress (APC), the following steps are typically required:

• Declare Interest and Purchase a Nomination Form: The individual must formally declare their intention to run for office and purchase the party’s nomination form.
• Screening of Application Forms and Credentials: The candidate’s application and credentials are screened by the party to ensure they meet the requirements.
• Party Primary Election: A primary election is conducted by the party, during which members vote for their preferred candidate. The voting system can be either direct (involving all party members) or indirect (involving selected delegates). The winner of the primary becomes the party’s official candidate for the governorship election.

Example: Bayelsa 2023 Governorship Election Result

In the 2023 Bayelsa governorship election, the APC and PDP candidates were the top contenders. The incumbent governor, Douye Diri, represented the PDP, while Timipre Sylva stood for the APC.

The election results favored the People’s Democratic Party (PDP), with Douye Diri securing a total of 142,994 votes, defeating Timipre Sylva of the APC, who received 100,743 votes, making him the closest rival.

The Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC) officially confirmed Douye Diri’s victory, allowing him to serve a second term as the governor of Bayelsa State.

Notable People

This is not a comprehensive list of notable figures from Bayelsa State, but it highlights a few:

• Diepreye Solomon Alamieyeseigha
  Born on November 16, 1952, he was a former executive governor of Bayelsa State, serving from May 29, 1999, to December 5, 2005.
• Isaac Jasper Adaka Boro
  Born on September 10, 1938, he was a Nigerian soldier and is considered a national hero, despite his involvement in the Nigerian Civil War.
• Dr. Goodluck Ebele Jonathan
  Born on November 20, 1957, he served as the governor of Bayelsa State and later became the President of Nigeria from 2010 to 2015.
• Finidi George
  A professional Nigerian footballer and former coach, Finidi George was born on April 15, 1971, and hails from Bayelsa State.
• Diezani Alison-Madueke
  Born on December 6, 1960, she is a Nigerian politician who served as the Minister of Petroleum Resources under the Goodluck Jonathan presidency.
• Inetimi Odon (Timaya)
  Popularly known as Timaya, he was born on August 15, 1980, and is a renowned Nigerian Afrobeat musician.

Most Frequently Asked Questions

1. How many local governments are in Bayelsa State?

• There are 8 local government areas in Bayelsa State, Nigeria.

2. Who is the governor of Bayelsa State?

• Douye Diri, the candidate of the PDP, is the current executive governor. Lawrence Ewhrudjakpo, also from the PDP, is the deputy governor.

3. When was Bayelsa State created?

• Bayelsa was established on October 1, 1996.

4. Who created Bayelsa State?

• General Sani Abacha, the then military Head of State, created the state.

5. How can I travel to or within Bayelsa State?

• The state is accessible by road via the Isaac Adaka Boro Road, which links Yenagoa to Rivers State, or via Patani Road through Delta State. Another option is the Bayelsa Cargo Airport, located on Wilberforce Island.
• Within Bayelsa State, water transport is the most common mode of transportation, as many communities are surrounded by inland waterways.
• If you are planning to visit the state, you can travel through Delta or Rivers State by road. Alternatively, you can fly into the Bayelsa Cargo Airport.

See also:

List of Akwa ibom areas postal codes